anth 121 human skeletal and dental anatomy

anterior

front of the body, sternum________ to the heart

posterior

back of the body, heart is ________ to the sternum

superior/ cranial

toward the head, skull is ________ to the vertebrae

inferior/ caudal

away from the head, tibia is ________ to the femur

medial

toward the midline, pinkie is ________ to the thumb

lateral

away from the midline, thumb is ________ to the pointer finger

proximal

closer to the point of attachment, humeral head on the ________ portion of the humerus

distal

farther from the point of attachment, ________ portion of the femur has two round condyles

articulate

to form a joint between two or more bones

axial skeleton

80 bones in skull, ribs, vertebral column, and sacrum (bones of the head and trunk of a vertebrate.)

appendicular skeleton

portion of the skeleton thats arms, legs, and pelvis

foramen

opening, hole, passage in a bone (large hole at bottom of skull is foramen magnum)

condyle

rounded articular projection

flexion

bending of limb, decreases angle between two body parts

extension

increases angle between two body parts

ABduction

movement away from midline

ADduction

movement toward the midline

rotation

movement of the limbs around their long axis

frontal

forehead

parietal

top of skull

temporal

side of skull

occipital

back/ base of head

zygomatic

cheek bone

maxilla

upper jaw

vomer

nasal septum

mandible

lower jaw

parietal bones

the long axis of the sagittal suture runs between which two bones

zygomatic, sphenoid

zygomatic arch (cheekbone) is composed of what two bones

temporal bone

mastoid process located on the:

temporal bone

external auditory meatus (outer ear hole) located on the

frontal bone

superciliary arches (brow ridges) located on the

occipital bone

occipital condyles located on the

atlas (C1 vertebra)

what bone articulates with the occipital condyles

occipital bone

what bone contains the foramen magnum

the spinal cord

what structure passes through the foramen magnum

shoulder (technical and lay terms)

scapula- shoulder blade, pectoral girdle

other bones that articulate with the scapula

humerus

clavicle (above rib bone, anterior to neck)

humerus

upper arm

ulna

medial bone of the forearm (longer, has depression)

radius

lateral bone of the forearm (shorter, u-shaped hook)

bones of the pelvis (os coxa)

ilium, ischium, pubis

femur

thigh bone

tibia

shin bone (weight bearing)

fibula

calf bone

group of bones that articulate with the femoral head

lesser trochanters (hip joint)

socket where femur attaches to pelvis called

acetabulum

wrist bones

carpals

hand bones

metacarpals

fingers

phalanges

ankle bones

tarsals

foot bones

metatarsals

toes

phalanges

cervical vertebrae (c1-c7)

articulate with the skull, allows head to rotate,

atlas (c1)

large ring of bone, two large facets, supports the head

axis (c2)

ring of bone, superior projection of bone, allows head to pivot on spine

thoracic vertebra

12

lumbar vertebra

(4-6) 5, lower back

sacral vertebra

(4-7) sacrum- part of the pelvis

caudal vertebra

(2-5) vestigial bones- remains of tail

with which type of vertebra do the ribs articulate

thoracic

incisors

front teeth- biting, piercing softer foods

canine

sharp tooth- biting, ripping harder foods

premolar

2 teeth before molars- chewing softer foods

molars

3 back teeth