cream pack 1 - issues for psychology as a science

what is credibility

when research is believable

two reasons to consider ethical issues - human

safeguard the interests of the participants and protect them from physical and mental harm - maintain the high professional reputation to attract grants and participants

what is the aim of the BPS code of ethics and conduct 2009

provides ethical standards and framework for decision making

what are the four ethical principles of the structure of the code

respect, responsibility, competence, integrity

what does respect mean

respecting the dignity of all people

what does responsibility mean

ensure the trust of others isn't abused

what does competence mean

ability to use their skills, experience, training and knowledge to a professional standard

what does integrity mean

being accurate, honest and consistent with words and actions

what is the underlying philosophical approach of the BPS code of ethics and conduct

don unto others as you would

reasons to use animals in psychological research (5)

ethical reasons, similarities to humans, good participants, theoretical knowledge, practical application

why are animals used for ethical reasons

some experiments are unethical for human tested but important enough to be justified for animal testing

how are animals similar to humans

rats have similar brain structure and neurotransmitters so can make valid generalisations

why are animals good participants

they don't try and understand the experiment and they can be standardised easier so the experiments can be easily replicated

why are animals useful for practical applications

treatments and therapies created by operant conditioning

what are the 8 ethical guidelines of animal use

legislation, replacing the use, choice of species, number of animals, procedures, procurement of animals, animal care, disposing of animals

what are the three r's

replace, reduce, refine

what are the three p's (licenses)

personal, project, place

what is risk management

the forecasting and evaluation of ethical trials together with the identification of procedures to mobiles their impact w

what is an ethical dilemma

a situation in which two moral principles conflict with one another

what are the four stages or risk management

identify the risk, asses it, plan response, implement it

who do costs and benefits effect

participants, wider society, academic discipline of psychology

definition of reliability

when the research is produced consistently

definition of validity

the extent to which a study measured what is should

concurrent validity

comparing results with other established results

predictive validity

how well a test predicts future behaviour

what is ecological validity

when research from one environment can be generalised to a different environment

generalisability

the extent to which research can be applied to other research

objectivity

not allowing personal interpretations to influence the experiment

subjectivity

allowing personal opinions to influence the way data is interpreted

advantages of quantitative data

more reliable as the research is easier to be replicate

disadvantage of quantitative data

lacks richness and detail so decreases validity

advantages of qualitative data

rich and detailed information about behaviour

disadvantages of qualitative data

open to interpretation more subjective