Chapter 3 Key Terms - Colonization. Transatlantic trade and slavery in the colonies - 1607 to 1754 - (units 2.3 to 2.7)

Consumer Revolution - 1700s

Time period during which the desire for exotic imports increased dramatically due to economic expansion and population growth

Dominion of New England - 1686

The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor. The Dominion ended in 1692, when the colonists revolted and drove out Governor Andros.

First Great Awakening - 1730

Religious revival in the colonies; George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards preached a message of atonement for sins by admitting them to God. The movement attempted to combat the growing secularism and rationalism of mid-eighteenth century America. Religious splits in the colonies became deeper.

Gang-labor system - 1710

A system of work discipline used on southern cotton plantations in the mid-nineteenth century in which white overseers or black drivers supervised gangs of enslaved laborers to achieve greater productivity.

Glorious Revolution - 1688

A reference to the political events of 1688-1689, when James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William of Orange.

Impressment

British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service

King William's War - 1689

War fought largely between French trappers, British settlers, and their respective Indian allies from 1689-1697. The colonial theater of the larger War of the League of Augsburg in Europe.

Middle Passage

A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies

Navigation Acts - 1651

Laws that governed trade between England and its colonies. Colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England. These acts made colonists very angry because they were forbidden from trading with other countries.

New Light Clergy

Colonial clergy who called for religious revivals and emphasized the emotional aspects of spiritual commitment. The New Lights were leaders in the Great Awakening.

Old Light Clergy

Colonial clergy from established churches who supported the religious status quo in the early eighteenth century.

Queen Anne's War - 1702

Second in a series of conflicts between the European powers for control of North America, fought between the English and French colonists in the North, and the English and Spanish in Florida.

Redemptioners

An immigrant who borrowed money from shipping agents to cover the costs of transport to America, loans that were repaid, or redeemed, by colonial employers. A redemptioner worked for the redeemer for a set number of years.

Treaty of Utrecht - 1713

The treaty that ended the War of Spanish Succession and stopped Louis XIV's attempts to gain more land for France, defending the balance of power.

Walking Purchase - 1737

A fraudulent transaction in 1737 whereby Pennsylvania Governor James Logan acquired a large tract of land by hiring runners to mark land; the Lenni Lanape Indians had agreed to cede land that a man could walk in thirty-six hours.

Stono Rebellion - 1739

The most serious slave rebellion in the the colonial period which occurred in 1739 in South Carolina. 100 African Americans rose up, got weapons and killed several whites then tried to escape to Florida. The uprising was crushed and the participants executed. The main form of rebellion was running away, though there was no where to go.

William Penn

A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution.

Edmund Andros

He was the royal governor of the Dominion of New England. Colonists resented his enforcement of the Navigation Acts and the attempt to abolish the colonial assembly.

William of Orange

Dutch prince invited to be king of England after The Glorious Revolution. Joined League of Augsburg as a foe of Louis XIV.

Jacob Leisler

German immigrant, merchant, leader of New York dissidents, his militia captured the fort and he became the new head of the goverment in New York, William and Mary appointed a new governor and forced him out, later hanged for treason

William Byrd II

A planter, slave-owner and author from Charles City County, Virginia. He is considered the founder of Richmond, Virginia

Robert Wapole

lead the cabinet in the English government from 1721-1742, cabinet was responsible for House of Commons, came to be called the "prime" (king's first) minister

Jonathan Edwards

Preacher during the First Great Awakening; "Sinners in the hands of angry god"

George Whitefield

Credited with starting the Great Awakening, also a leader of the "New Lights."