20.5a Blood Pressure
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33 Terms
What is blood pressure?
The force of blood against the vessel wall.
What is a blood pressure gradient?
The change in pressure from one end of a vessel to the other.
What is the function of the blood pressure gradient?
It propels blood through vessels.
Where is blood pressure highest?
In arteries.
Where is blood pressure lowest?
In veins.
Why is pressure higher in arteries than veins?
Because arteries receive blood directly from the heart.
How does blood flow behave in arteries?
It pulses with the cardiac cycle.
What is systolic pressure?
The pressure when the ventricle contracts.
What happens during systole?
The ventricle contracts.
What happens to arteries during systole?
They are stretched.
Which number represents systolic pressure?
The top (upper) number.
What is an example of systolic pressure?
120 mm Hg in a 120/80 reading.
What is diastolic pressure?
The pressure when the ventricles relax.
What happens during diastole?
The ventricles relax.
What happens to arteries during diastole?
They recoil.
Which number represents diastolic pressure?
The bottom (lower) number.
What is an example of diastolic pressure?
80 mm Hg in a 120/80 reading.
What is pulse pressure?
The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure.
How is pulse pressure calculated?
Systolic minus diastolic pressure.
What is pulse pressure in a 120/80 reading?
40 mm Hg.
What does pulse pressure reflect?
The elasticity and recoil of arteries.
How does pulse pressure change with age and disease?
It declines.
What does pulse pressure allow you to feel?
A throbbing pulse in elastic and muscular arteries.
How does capillary blood pressure differ from arterial blood pressure?
It does not fluctuate between systolic and diastolic.
How is blood flow in capillaries described?
Smooth and steady.
Why must capillary pressure be carefully regulated?
It must be high enough for exchange but low enough to prevent damage.
What is the approximate pressure at the arterial end of a capillary?
About 40 mm Hg.
What is the approximate pressure at the venous end of a capillary?
Below 20 mm Hg.
Why is pressure higher at the arterial end of capillaries?
It promotes filtration of fluid out of the capillary.
Why is pressure lower at the venous end of capillaries?
It allows reabsorption of fluid back into the capillary.
What process occurs at the arterial end of capillaries?
Filtration.
What process occurs at the venous end of capillaries?
Reabsorption.
Why is smooth pressure important in capillaries?
It allows efficient exchange without damaging delicate vessel walls.
