Mughal Empire P2

Who/where in mughal empire

Northern indian islamic empire

Muslims in india since 700s

Tamerlane

Who conquered in mughal empire

Hindu Rajas + other muslim groups conquered

Hindu South India not conquered

GUNPOWDER + CANNONS

tamerlane

central asian nomad

descendant from Mongol Khan

leader

Mughal administration

emperor is muslim… but ppl mostly hindu

emperor wont convert, but doesnt force others to convert

cant centralize

Rajas needed to do his bidding

Zamindars

Zamindars

almost like city council ppl - manage gov, etc

hired educated civil servants

collect taxes, enforce Sharia law

paid, land grants, loyal - New Elite (land shows class + wealth)

Mughal culture

Akbar - leader

liberal view of Islam - religious freedom

doesnt follow faith as strictly

debates + discussions, friends + marriages

ELIMINATES JIZYA

syncretic faith —> Divine faith

raises status of women - no more sati, no child brides

Sati

when women cremated with their husbands

response to akbar

backlash - Sunni leaders dont like his reforms (conservative)

kill hindus - destroy temple, jizya back

orthodox behaviors, sati + child brides back

Hindu + some muslims revolt —> Maratha rebellion

Maratha rebellion

rebel against conservative muslims - doesn’t succeed but weakens state

Mughal religion

Sikhism rises (early 1500s)

syncretic - islam, hindu, buddhist

Islam - monotheistic, alsm to poor, no caste

Hindu - meditation, moksha, devotion

Buddhist - distract from sin for salvation

Mughal population

grows bc irrigation, reservoirs, crops from Americas

Mughal economy

silk road + indian ocean trade

cottons, gems, spices, arab maritime merchants

ALL CONTINUITY

central geography - convenient

europeans start to take ports in south