Nervous system, special senses, endocrine system

medical terminology

cephal/o

head

cerebell/o

cerebellum

cerebr/o

cerebrum

Encephal/o 

brain

gli/o

glue

meningi/o

membrane

ment/o

referring to the mind 

-mnesia

memory

myel/o

spinal cord, medulla oblongata

neur/o 

nerve tissue

-paresis

slight paralysis

-phasia 

speech

psych/o

mind

schiz/o

to split

AD

Alzheimer’s disease

CSF 

Cerebrospinal fluid 

CP

cebreal palsy

CVA

cerebrovascular accident

CT 

Computed tomography 

DA

dopamine

ECT

Electroconvulsive therapy

EEG

electroencephalography 

ICP

Intracranial pressure

LP

lumbar puncture

MG

myasthenia gravis 

MS

multiple sclerosis

OCD

obsessive compulsive disorder

PD

Parkinson’s Disease 

PTSD

Post traumatic stress disorder

TIA

transient ischemic attack

CNS 

Central Nervous system 

PNS

Peripheral Nervous System

Neurologist 

medical doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorder within the Nervous System 

Neurosurgeon

does surgical treatment of conditions affecting the nervous system

Psychiatrist

specializes in mental health

Psychologist 

study mental process and behavior but does not prescribe medication (therapy, assessment, research) 

what is the name of the covering of the brain and spinal cord

meninges

cerebrospinal

pertaining to the brain and spinal column

aphasia 

loss of speech 

cerebrovascular

pertaining to blood vessels in the brain

encephalitis

inflammation of the brain

Blephar/o

eyelid

conjunctiv/o

conjunctive 

dacry/o

tears, lacrimal sac, or duct

dipl/o

two, double

irid/o 

iris 

kerat/o

hard, cornea

lacrim/o

tear, lacrimal apparatus

ocul/o

eye 

ophthalm/o

eye

-opia

eye vision

opt/o

light, eye vision 

phac/o

lens

presby/o

old age

pupil/o

pupil

retin/o 

retina 

scler/o

sclera, hard

Uve/o

pigmented middle eye layer

trauma 

concussion, epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma 

vascular insults

cardiovascular accident, transient ischemic attack, cerebral aneurysm

tumors 

lesions/ neoplasms that can cause localized dysfunction producing increase in ICP

astrocytoma 

meningioma 

Astrocytoma

derived from star-shaped type of neuroglia called astrocyte

meningioma

derived from meninges surrounding brain and spinal cord

systemic degenerative disease 

multiple sclerosis 

parkinson’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease

multiple sclerosis

progressive degenerative disease with symptoms caused by demyelination, a patchy loss of myelin sheath

Parkinson’s Disease

loss neurotransmitter dopamine, inhibits transmission of nerve impulses A

Alzheimer’s Disease

degenerative, fatal condition involving atrophy of cerebral cortex

Seizures 

can results from trauma, tumors, fevers, medications

Epilepsy (seizure)

chronic disorder , grand mal, absece seizure

behavioral disorders

anxiety - OCD, PTSD,

mood disorders - bipolar, depression

Psychotic - schizophrenia, paranoia

orbit

bony cavity (socket)

extraocular muscles

muscles within orbit but outside eyeball that move the eyes

eyebrows 

crescent-shaped line of hairs on superior edge of the orbit 

eyelids

moveable upper and lower fold that cover surface of eyeballs when they close

eyelashes

stiff hairs projecting from eyelid margins

Conjunctiva

mucous membrane that lines anterior surface of eyeball and underside of eyelid

lacrimal glands 

secrete tears to cleanse and moisten eyeball surface 

lacrima sac

stores tears

lacrimal ducts

channles that carry tears to the eye

nasolacrimal  ducts 

carry tears from lacrimal glands to the nose 

Sclera

white of eye , helps maintain shape of eyeball and extends from cornea to optic nerve

cornea

transparent portion, provides most of optical power of the eye

choroid 

opaque layer, contains vessels that supply blood to the eye 

cillary body

thickened portion between choroid and iris

hyperopia

farsightedness

Myopia 

nearsightedness 

presbyopia

farsightedness caused by aging

astigmatism

irregularity of curve of cornea or lens that distorts light entering the eye

infections 

conjunctivitis - pinkeye, inflammation 

keratitis- inflammation of cornea related to corneal scratch or damage 

Dacryocytitis

inflammed lacrimal sac

Blepharoptosis

drooping of eyelid

ectropion

turning outward of eyelid

entropion

turning inward of eyelid

hordeolum 

sty, infection of oil gland of eyelash

Xerophthalmia

dry eyes

glaucoma

increased intraocular pressure

cataract 

cloudiness or opacity of lens 

ophthalmoscope 

instrument to examine eye by looking through the pupil 

laser-assisted in siti keratomileusis

procedure to correct vision problems

scleral buckle

permanent silicone band that attaches to scleral peripheral behind the eye, pulling retina together