LSU SOCL 2001 Skylar Gremillion Final Review

When we say that society determines what is "reasonable," we mean that it is ______.

Select one:

a. always in conflict

b. out of our control

c. based on social interaction

d. socially constructed

socially constructed

Urban development in the 1960s was an attempt to revitalize American cities, but it separated traditional neighborhoods with highways. This unintended consequence is an example of ______.

Select one:

a. a latent function

b. a dysfunction

c. organic solidarity

d. mechanical solidarity

a dysfunction

What is a sociologist doing when she makes a good generalization?

Select one:

a. pointing out social patterns

b. changing society's influence

c. stereotyping

d. giving an opinion

pointing out social patterns

An oversimplified and predetermined belief about a person or group of people refers to a ______.

Select one:

a. theoretical perspective

b. stereotype

c. social force

d. generalization

stereotype

What is one benefit of studying sociology?

Select one:

a. to make a lot of money

b. to disprove theories of socialism

c. to benefit your family and community

d. to regulate human behavior through law

to benefit your family and community

Symbolic interactionism falls under which theoretical perspective?

Select one:

a. Micro

b. Organic

c. Mechanical

d. Macro

Micro

Ethnographic research often involves participant observation.

Select one:

True

False

True

A researcher wants to set up a study to test the effects of a new energy drink on student alertness. In this case, the control group would ______.

Select one:

a. alternate between the new energy drink and plain water

b. be assigned to drink nothing

c. be assigned to drink coffee

d. be assigned to drink the new energy drink

be assigned to drink nothing

A symbolic interactionist would most likely study a corporation's decision to hire a White applicant over a better qualified racial minority by studying the ______.

Select one:

a. overall hiring process of the corporation

b. general experiences of both applicants

c. racial makeup of the corporation's employees

d. hiring practices of several other major corporations

general experiences of both applicants

When Vicky learned of the homelessness problem in her hometown, she lobbied the state government to fund shelters and food banks outside of the large urban areas. Vicky demonstrates the two core commitments of sociology.

Select one:

True

False

True

Generalizations are used to make informed conclusions without exceptions based on scientific research.

Select one:

True

False

False

Which statement is an example of a good generalization?

Select one:

a. Women are more emotional than men.

b. Women are more likely to experience sexism.

c. Men are invulnerable to sexual assault.

d. Men are better drivers than women.

Women are more likely to experience sexism.

A researcher is conducting a study about the work nurses do on a daily basis. The researcher enters the names of all nurses working at a hospital into a computer program that automatically chooses 25 for interviews. This demonstrates ______.

Select one:

a. random sampling

b. quantitative research

c. non-random sampling

d. qualitative research

random sampling

According to Karl Marx, when a working-class person understands the upper class's use of exploitation, they can achieve ______.

Select one:

a. false consciousness

b. species being

c. alienation

d. true consciousness

true consciousness

When children worry about what other children think of them, and base their own feelings about themselves on those interpretations, this demonstrates the looking glass self.

Select one:

True

False

True

A student notices that her math teacher calls on male students more than the female students. By noticing this problematic pattern, the student is using a sociological eye.

Select one:

True

False

True

Theoretical perspectives impact sociology by ______.

Select one:

a. proving hypotheses about society

b. influencing individuals' beliefs

c. helping explain the social world

d. developing solutions to society's problems

proving hypotheses about society

Clive is conducting research to find a way to reduce pollution in a local stream. Clive is conducting ______ research.

Select one:

a. applied

b. historical

c. normative

d. basic

applied

When using the structural functionalist theoretical perspective, sociologists focus on ______.

Select one:

a. functions and dysfunctions

b. social behavior and social status

c. social harmony and social order

d. gender and race

social harmony and social order

Emilie Durkheim focused on social solidarity, which is based on order in society.

Select one:

True

False

True?

W. E. B. Du Bois and Jane Addams both helped found the NAACP.

Select one:

True

False

True

A college professor is collecting assignments from the students. One student did not complete the assignment and fails to turn it in. According to Goffman, this is an example of ______.

Select one:

a. ignoring social actors

b. an inaccurate use of props

c. a violation of a social script

d. avoiding front stage

a violation of a social script

Which of the following studies best describes sociology?

Select one:

a. a scientific study of the human mind, especially behavior that affects the mind

b. the study of individual contributions to society

c. the study of change within past civilization

d. a scientific study that is interested in society, in particular social relationships

a scientific study that is interested in society, in particular social relationships

What is TRUE about individual interactions with sociology?

Select one:

a. Sociology acts to create the norms, values, and beliefs individuals follow as they interact with one another.

b. Sociology acts to influence how people think and behave in a given society regardless of individual interaction.

c. Sociology is a singular force of influence in society as it shapes how individuals interact in a one-way interaction.

d. Individuals both shape and are shaped by society.

Individuals both shape and are shaped by society.

What is the most common form of data collection among sociologists?

Select one:

a. historical

b. observation

c. surveys and interviews

d. ethnographic study

surveys and interviews

When a change in one variable brings about a change in another variable, this is an example of ______.

Select one:

a. generalizability

b. causation

c. correlation

d. a dependent variable

causation

By focusing on social order and harmony, structural functionalism can often overlook ______.

Select one:

a. the manifest function

b. the instability of latent function

c. the social norms

d. the benefit of social change

the benefit of social change

An organization creates rules and policies designed to encourage followers to learn about the organization and recognize their purpose within it. What is being encouraged?

Select one:

a. social change

b. social actors

c. social harmony

d. social solidarity

social solidarity

A researcher conducted a study about White women and their experiences at an upper-class university. The researcher then used these findings to argue that women at this university had good experiences while on campus. What did the researcher do in this study?

Select one:

a. relied on cohesion to prove a social pattern

b. used generalizations to draw conclusions

c. relied on stereotypes to prove the hypothesis

d. used stereotypes to draw conclusions

used generalizations to draw conclusions

Culture includes language, numbers, and gestures.

Select one:

True

False

True

When discussing economic inequality ______ refers to earnings, while ______ refers to assets people own.

Select one:

a. capital; revenue

b. wealth; income

c. revenue; capital

d. income; wealth

income; wealth

In the United States, the likelihood of success is shaped primarily by

Select one:

a. All of the above

b. Cultural resources

c. Social resources

d. Material resources

All of the above

The study of culture tells us which of the following:

Select one:

a. the way "our" culture lives tends to be the most efficient.

b. most cultures don't understand the meaning of morals.

c. there are many ways to view the same symbol.

d. most foreign cultures are primitive.

there are many ways to view the same symbol.

Which of the following examples is not an example of how culture can change?

Select one:

a. A major change in the average temperature means that something that was once an essential crop no longer grows.

b. Tuesday night the Taco Bell down the street was out of tomatoes, but they had them back by Friday.

c. A group of friends make up hand signals that they use to tell each other the answers to quiz questions.

d. A family in Virginia changes a family recipe to make it fit with their dietary needs

Tuesday night the Taco Bell down the street was out of tomatoes, but they had them back by Friday.

Socialization is a process that takes place:

Select one:

a. in childhood

b. during young adulthood

c. at birth

d. throughout our entire lives

throughout our entire lives

A young woman graduates high school and moves out of her parent's house in order to attend college. While there, she learns how to cook, do laundry, and pay her own bills, none of which she did while living at home. This is an example of ______.

Select one:

a. nurture

b. a lack of socialization

c. self-consciousness

d. resocialization

resocialization

Crime and Deviance:

Select one:

a. are always two entirely different concepts.

b. can be the same or entirely different phenomena.

c. tend to be one and the same; if something is a crime, it is always deviant.

d. are interchangeable; deviance is always a crime.

can be the same or entirely different phenomena.

The difference between collective action and deviance is:

Select one:

a. the number of people acting.

b. the type of people involved.

c. whether you are acting alone or as part of a group

d. the reaction of others to your actions.

the reaction of others to your actions.

The most important difference between primary and secondary groups has to do with:

Select one:

a. whether the people in the group trust each other.

b. size, because it is impossible to have intimacy in secondary groups.

c. the level of competition for scarce resources within the group.

d. the kinds of relationships that exist within them.

the kinds of relationships that exist within them.

Which of the following is more likely to be an in-group?

Select one:

a. people in the waiting room at a Dr.'s Office

b. a sociology class

c. a group of people who eat lunch together at their office

d. the people in line at a supermarket

a group of people who eat lunch together at their office

How can wealth inequality be more pervasive than income inequality?

Select one:

a. It accumulates from one generation to the next.

b. It is based on current employment opportunities.

c. It is based on gross rather than net pay.

d. It includes the value of benefits like health insurance.

It accumulates from one generation to the next.

Which of the following is a reason why sociologists argue that Education is directly related to social inequality?

Select one:

a. Institutions such as Harvard and Yale are too influential and don't make people think about more realistic educational opportunities such as trade schools

b. The types of subjects taught in schools are too advanced and not tied enough to a culture of success.

c. Education has been seen as a mechanism to improve social class status, but also reproduces social inequality through school funding

d. Education is often a symbol of status and prestige in society, but not connected directly to inequality.

Education has been seen as a mechanism to improve social class status, but also reproduces social inequality through school funding

Which of the following would be an example of the use of the sociological imagination?

Select one:

a. an analysis of the content of dreams and how the individual's daily life is reflected in subconscious thought

b. a study of an individual's sleeping patterns

c. a study of the behavior of people listening to a religious service compared to that of people listening to a rock concert

d. an analysis of the United States president's power to declare war

a study of the behavior of people listening to a religious service compared to that of people listening to a rock concert

______ is used to make connections between individual and societal viewpoints.

Select one:

a. A sociological imagination

b. A sociological eye

c. Sociological duality

d. Sociological generalization

A sociological imagination

Which of the following best describes functionalism?

Select one:

a. A theory that suggests individuals work to promote their interests instead of society's.

b. A theory that was developed by Max Weber to explain inequalities.

c. A theory that demonstrates that society is comprised of disjointed beliefs and rituals.

d. A theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts are interdependent.

A theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts are interdependent.

When using the Functionalist theoretical perspective, sociologists focus on ______ and ______.

Select one:

a. social behavior; social status

b. social harmony; social order

c. gender; race

d. functions; dysfunctions

social harmony; social order

Which sociological theory is focused on examining how social institutions and structures can constrain behavior and replicate inequality?

Select one:

a. exchange theory.

b. conflict theory

c. functionalism

d. dramaturgy

conflict theory

Which of the following responses is most consist with a conflict theory explanation of social inequality?

Select one:

a. Social inequality exists because people are paid differently and that sorts the best people into the most important jobs

b. Social inequality exists only at the individual level, there is no structural component

c. Social inequality exists because of structural inequalities that reproduce existing disadvantages

d. Social inequality exists because people do not work hard enough

Social inequality exists because of structural inequalities that reproduce existing disadvantages

Which of the following statements best describes symbolic interactionism?

Select one:

a. It studies the social construction of reality.

b. It studies the way status levels separate groups from another.

c. It studies the conflict that occurs with inequality.

d. It studies the way components of society work to everyone's mutual benefit.

It studies the social construction of reality.

Considering symbolic interactionism, how is culture created?

Select one:

a. Those in power create culture based on what they want.

b. Groups of individuals create culture through shared symbols.

c. Society creates laws for people to follow, which leads to culture.

d. Culture is created from the class structure and functions of society.

Groups of individuals create culture through shared symbols.

Goffman's dramaturgical theory divides the world into ________________ which is where we perform to social expectations and _________________ where we can be our true selves.

Select one:

a. the real world, the social world.

b. online, in person

c. stage left, stage right

d. Frontstage, backstage

Frontstage, backstage

Jennifer trips and falls on the way back from the hot dog stand at the first big home game. Her drink spilled and she landed face first in the nachos. She stands up, looks at the crowd and points down to her untied shoelace. What would Goffman's dramturcial theory say she is doing?

Select one:

a. adlibbing the scene

b. cheating the crowd

c. saving face or esteem

d. going offstage

saving face or esteem

Which of the following is always a cultural behavior?

Select one:

a. sleeping

b. breathing

c. blinking

d. waving good-bye

waving good-bye

Crystal is camping in the woods with her dog and her friends. If she interprets her experience through a sociological lens, she will see culture in everything around her except for:

Select one:

a. the food.

b. her pet.

c. the nonverbal cues used by her friends.

d. nature.

nature.

Which of the following is an example of primary socialization?

Select one:

a. A high school student learning a foreign language.

b. An adult receiving a higher paying position at work.

c. A parent teaching their young child the alphabet

d. A college student specializing in a field.

A parent teaching their young child the alphabet

The process by which children become self-aware, knowledgeable people and skilled in the ways of the culture into which they are born is known as:

Select one:

a. sensitization

b. natural selection

c. evolution

d. socialization

socialization

Behavior that is outside of the norms of society is considered by sociologists to be _______________ behavior.

Select one:

a. empirical

b. deviant

c. disaggregated

d. normal

deviant

Violation of laws established by a society is considered which of the following?

Select one:

a. formal socialization

b. informal deviance

c. informal normative activity

d. formal deviance

formal deviance

According to sociologists, what is the smallest size that can make up a social group?

Select one:

a. one person

b. three people

c. a family, regardless of size

d. two people

two people

Which of the following types of social groupings describes groups in terms of how much they influence other people and their beliefs?

Select one:

a. Regular and irregular

b. Primary and Secondary

c. Weak and Powerful

d. Ingroup and outgroup

Primary and Secondary

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Role engulfment is reflected in which of the following situations?

Select one or more:

a. Carlie's criminal background is preventing her from finding a job.

b. Lenders won't give Rae a loan because of his criminal background.

c. Sarah overcame her troubled background and now owns a business.

d. Jolandis can't find a date who will overlook his status as a drug distributor.

Lenders won't give Rae a loan because of his criminal background., Jolandis can't find a date who will overlook his status as a drug distributor., Carlie's criminal background is preventing her from finding a job.

Economic inequality is measured using which of the following concepts?

Select one or more:

a. consumption

b. wealth

c. income

d. profession

income, wealth, consumption

What was the result of Ronald Reagan's "trickle down" approach to economic policy?

Select one:

a. Small business boomed as the common folk had more money to invest in communities.

b. The economic inequality gap lessened as the wealthy created more jobs for the working class.

Incorrect

c. The economy flourished due to rapid industrialization and technological advances.

d. Corporations invested in nations with cheaper workforces leading to deindustrialization.

Corporations invested in nations with cheaper workforces leading to deindustrialization.

People who identify with a gender other than the one assigned to them at birth are ______.

Select one:

a. intersex

b. cisgender

c. asexual

d. transgender

transgender

During which case was the ban on interracial marriages lifted?

Select one:

a. Obergefell v. Hodges

b. Loving v. Virginia

Correct

c. Turner v. Safley

d. Plessy v. Ferguson

Loving v. Virginia

Sociologists consider health and illness to be ______.

Select one:

a. chronic

b. culturally driven

c. socially patterned

Correct

d. unpredictable

socially patterned

From 1970 to 2016, the earnings of those in lower classes increased at a much more rapid rate than the earnings of those in the top class.

Select one:

True

False

False

In which industry are women more likely than men to hold a position?

Select one:

a. physical sciences

b. computer technology

c. engineering

d. caretaking

caretaking

Whether a child was considered free or a slave depended on the status of the child's ______.

Select one:

a. grandparents

b. mother

Correct

c. father

d. siblings

mother

Divorce rates are currently at an all-time high.

Select one:

True

False

False

Which of the following terms accurately describes wealth?

Select one:

a. the unequal distribution of economic resources

b. the earnings that one earns or receives

c. the assets that one owns

Correct

d. a medium of exchange

the assets that one owns

The Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) includes a section that covers sociological concepts.

Select one:

True

False

True

Question text

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following are positive consequences of medicalization?

Select one or more:

a. Doctors are more inclined to consider the social context of those impacted by medicalized problems.

b. Those with medicalized conditions can better access medical treatment.

c. People are often more empathetic toward those with medicalized problems.

d. Treatment for medicalized problems tends to emphasize prescription drugs rather than counseling.

People are often more empathetic toward those with medicalized problems., Those with medicalized conditions can better access medical treatment.

Which statement best explains why the unofficial barrier women and minorities face when trying to advance to upper levels of a corporation is referred to as a "glass ceiling"?

Select one:

a. Just as glass is transparent, the unofficial barrier is transparent and known to all.

b. Women and minorities can easily shatter the ceiling if they put forth the effort.

c. The ceiling is invisible and not openly acknowledged in the working world.

Correct

d. When glass splinters the jagged edges can be harmful to all who touch them.

The ceiling is invisible and not openly acknowledged in the working world.

Which piece of legislation worked to abolish national immigration quotas and did much to increase immigration and alter the racial makeup of the United States?

Select one:

a. Immigration Act of 1965

Correct

b. Immigration Act of 1924

c. Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907

d. Three-Fifths Compromise

Immigration Act of 1965

The results of which event allowed White people to once again dominate political power in the South and lead to the establishment of Jim Crow laws?

Select one:

a. Loving vs. Virginia

b. Hayes-Tilden Compromise of 1877

Correct

c. Brown vs. Board of Education

d. Three-Fifths Compromise

Hayes-Tilden Compromise of 1877

How was Durkheim able to conclude that characteristics of society matter for deviance, including suicide?

Select one:

a. He had personal experience with suicide in the family.

b. He studied crime rates among various demographic groups.

c. He noted that law enforcement around the world was ineffective in regulating crime.

d. He saw some countries had consistently high rates of suicide while others' were consistently low.

He saw some countries had consistently high rates of suicide while others' were consistently low.

Troy was convicted of assaulting a peer at a party and claims the act was accidental and caused by alcohol being involved. Which technique of neutralization did Troy use?

Select one:

a. condemning the condemners

b. denial of responsibility

Correct

c. denial of victim

d. appeal to higher loyalties

denial of responsibility

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which categories indicate sexuality?

Select one or more:

a. transgender

b. lesbian

c. bisexual

d. intersex

lesbian, bisexual

Stereotypes can stem from prejudice, which are predetermined ideas about groups of people.

Select one:

True

False

False

Which of the following statements matches the main idea of the statistical approach to deviance?

Select one:

a. Deviance is any violation of the law.

b. Deviance is anything that would evoke disapproval from others.

c. Deviance is anything statistically unusual or that has a low probability or likelihood.

Correct

d. Deviance is determined relative to each individual culture.

Deviance is anything statistically unusual or that has a low probability or likelihood.

Bartolome grew up in a poor family with limited access to social resources, but he was able to attend college and land a high-paying job. Bartolome and his children are now members of the upper class. Which type of mobility does this best exemplify?

Select one:

a. intergenerational

Correct

b. structural

c. horizontal

d. downward

intergenerational

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which statements about how parents interact with their children differently based upon gender are TRUE?

Select one or more:

a. Parents are more likely to welcome gender nonconformity from their girls than their boys.

b. Parents interact with sons in more aggressive and physical styles of play than they do with daughters.

c. Parents are more likely to use a conversational tone when speaking to their boys than their girls.

d. Parents are more likely to issue instructions to daughters than they are to sons.

Parents are more likely to welcome gender nonconformity from their girls than their boys., Parents interact with sons in more aggressive and physical styles of play than they do with daughters.

According to Talcott Parsons, sick people do NOT need to have their lack of productivity justified.

Select one:

True

False

False

Question text

Exercise levels are impacted by numerous social factors, including crime rates.

Select one:

True

False

True

Su Lin has a reputation for breaking the rules. Because of this, she doesn't mind getting into trouble, and she decided to punch a peer after she became angry. This is an example of primary deviance.

Select one:

True

False

False

For many U.S. families during the industrial era, life was segmented into private and public spheres. Men are specialized in the private sphere, while women are specialized in the public sphere.

Select one:

True

False

False

Carl is a white man who believes white people are superior to all other groups. Which concept does this best demonstrate?

Select one:

a. discrimination

b. racism

Correct

c. stereotypes

d. prejudice

racism

Which of the following would be classified as family violence?

Select one or more:

a. emotional mistreatment

b. time outs

c. physical violence

d. sexual abuse

sexual abuse, physical violence, emotional mistreatment

Vaishnavi is an Indian American student who shares the same language, nation of origin, and religion as her Indian American peers. This best refers to Vaishnavi's ______.

Select one:

a. self-identity

b. ethnicity

Correct

c. race

d. group identification

ethnicity