Man/Org Test 2

a situation that arises concerning right or wrong when values are in conflict is considered

ethical dilemma

_________ refers to management’s obligation to make choices and take actions that will contribute to the welfare of society not just the organization

corporate social responsibility (CSR)

which approach is the ethical concept that moral decisions must be based on standards of equity, fairness, and impartiality

justice approach

a person at a ___________ level of personal moral development upholds laws, fulfills duties and obligations of a social system, and lives up to expectations of others

conventional

under the _______ approach, a decision would be considered ethical if it is one that would be considered acceptable by a manager’s professional community

practical

the planning process begins with ________________

the development of a mission

a ______ is a powerful way to see the cause-and-effect relationships between among goals and plans

strategy map

What do contingency plans do

they define company responses to specific situations, such as emergencies or setbacks

Sherie is a first-line supervisor at Rooftop Corporation. She is most connected with which level of goals

operational

in using MBO, objectives should be set by the ___________

supervisor and the employee jointly

the ______ model of decision making describes how managers actually make decisions in situations characterized by nonprogrammed decisions, uncertainty, and ambiguity

administrative

what is the most difficult situation for a decision-maker

ambiguity

the essence of ______ is to choose the first solution available

satisficing

what type of decisions are associated with decision rules

programmed

recruiting and selecting employees involves which human resource management goal

finding the right people

realistic job previews, social media use, and internships are all _________ activities designed to acquire human talent

recruiting

the process of observing and evaluating an employee’s performance, recording the assessment, and providing feedback to the employee is referred to as __________

performance appraisal

the forecasting of human resource needs and the projected matching of individuals with expected job vacancies is referred to as ___________

human resource planning

the most common approach to employee compensation is ________, which means linking compensation to the tasks an employee performs

job-based pay

what is the first step in the MBO process

setting goals

the decisions by Paula Reid, the manager who reported misconduct of U.S. Secret Service agents in the prostitution scandal in Cartagena, Columbia was based largely on which approach

practical

the assumption that “if it’s not illegal, it must be ethical” ignores which of the domains of human action

domain of ethics

what ethical decision making approach contends that when everyone is pursuing self-direction, the greater good is ultimately served because people learn to accommodate each other in their own long-term interest

individualism approach

the ______ to ethical decision-making is consistent with due process, free consent, privacy, freedom of conscious and free speech

moral rights approach

people making decisions based on an internal set of beliefs that has more meaning to them than the expectations of others are in the ___________ level of moral development

postconventional

________ means that managers are honest and trustworthy, fair in their dealings with employees and customers, and behave ethically in both their personal and professional lives

ethical leadership

what is a structure-oriented approach to creating an ethical organization called

ethics training

a ________ is a blueprint for goal achievement and specifies the resource allocations, schedules, tasks, and other actions necessary

plan

a statement that identifies distinguishing characteristics of an org is known as a __________

mission statement

at the top of the goal hierarchy is ____________

a mission

focusing manager and employee efforts on activities that will lead to goal attainment is a benefit of what management method

management by objectives (MBO)

what is one major limitation of goals and plans

goals and plans may cause rigidity in a turbulent environment

programmed decisions are made in response to ______ organizational problems

recurring

when managers know which goals they wish to achieve, but information about alternatives and future events in incomplete, the condition of __________ exists

uncertainty

the classical model of decision making is based on _______ assumption

rational economic

most managers settle for a _______ rather than a ______ solution

satisficing, maximizing

__________ occurs when a manager puts too much value on evidence consistent with favored belief and discounts evidence that contradicts it

confirmation bias

what is a disciplined procedure in which managers review the results of decisions and learn from them

postmortem review

managers that prefer a _________ decision stye exhibit great concern for people as individuals and consider the effect of decisions on others

behavioral

the hiring applicants based on criteria that are not job-related is called

discrimination

the most common form of formal corporate training is

classroom training

what is the systematic process of gathering information about the tasks, duties, and responsibilities of a particular job

a job analysis

what is an employee selection device that collects applicant information such as education, job experience, and other background characteristics called

application form

the benefits of the ______ in assessing employee performance is that it motivates everyone to improve, but its weakness is that it often increases cutthroat competition among employees

performance review ranking system

what federal law is the most significant with respect to protecting individual’s equal employment opportunity (EEO)

Civil Rights Act

with the Human Resource Management _____________ model, the organization and individual attempt to best fit the needs, values, and interests of each other

matching

what are the stages of personal moral development

preconventional, conventional, and post conventional

what is the level of personal moral development associated with following rules to avoid punishment, acting in their own self interest, and obedience for its own sake

preconventional

what is the level of moral development that is associated with following self chosen principles of justice and right, aware that people hold different values and seeks creative solutions to ethical dilemmas, and balances concern for individuals with concern for common good 

postconventional

what is the domain of human action in which values and standards are written into the legal system and enforceable by law in the courts

domain of codified law

what is the domain of human action in which the law has no say and for which and individual or org enjoys complete freedom

domain of free choice

what is the idea that humans have fundamental rights/liberties that cannot be taken away by an individual’s decision

moral rights approach

what is the moral behavior approach that believes that moral behavior produces the greatest good for the greatest number

utilitarian approach

what shapes value systems

personality characteristics, needs, family influence, and religious background

what is any person or group within or outside the org that has an investment or interest in the orgs performance

stakeholder

what is it called when an employee reports of unethical, illegitimate, or illegal practices by an organization

whistle-blowing

______ refers to the ability to generate wealth without compromising environmental responsibility and social stewardship, thus meeting the current and future needs of stakeholders while preserving the environment and society

sustainability

a ________ is the desired future circumstance, outcome, or condition that the org attempts to realize

goal

what are the steps of planning

making/deciding on a mission statement, organizing and deciding strategic goals and plans/tactical goals and plans

what are official goals/broad statements of where an org wants to be in the future in reference to the org as a whole

strategic goals

what are action steps by which an org intends to attain strategic goals with blueprints and long term decisions

strategic plans

_________ goals are the results that major divisions/departments in the org intend to achieve (ex: middle management)

tactical

defines what the major departments and org subunits will do to implement the orgs strategic plan (typically short term)

tactical plans

what are results expected from departments, work groups, and employees that are precise and measurable

operational goals

___________ are developed at the lower levels of the org to specify an action plans toward achieving operational goals and to support tactical plans where schedules are important and goals are stated in quantitative terms

operational plans

what are the steps of the MBO process

set goals, develop action plan, review progress, and appraise overall performance

what are the limitations of goals and plans

can create too much pressure, can create false sense of certainty, may cause rigidity in a turbulent environment, and can get in the way of creativity and intuition

plans developed to achieve objectives that are not likely to repeated in the future like program and project plans are considered _________ plans

single use

ongoing plans that provide guidance for tasks/situations that occur repeatedly within the org like policies, plans, and procedures are considered ___________ plans

standing

what are the stages of crisis planning and what steps do they consist of

prevention and preparation; prevention includes building relationships with stakeholders and detecting signals from the environment/ preparation includes designating crisis management teams and spokespersons, creating a detailed crisis management plan, and setting up effective communication systems

___________ are decisions that involve situations that have occurred often enough to enable decision rules to be developed and applied in the future

programmed decisions

___________ are decisions made in response to situations that are unique, poorly defined and largely unstructured, and have important consequences to the org

nonprogrammed decisions

the type of decision where there are clear cut goals and good information is available, but future outcomes associated with each alternative are subject to chance of loss or failure is considered a condition of __________

risk

a condition of __________ is when the decision maker is in a situation where they have all the information required to make the decision

certainty

a condition of __________ is when goals to be achieved or problems to be solved are unknown, alternatives are difficult to define, and information about outcomes is unavailable

ambiguity

the following characteristics belong to which decision making model: operates to accomplish known goals, problems are defined, results are calculated, strives for certainty, criteria for evaluation of alternatives are known, and is rational and uses logic

the classical model

__________ refers to how decision makers should make decisions (under the classical decision making model)

normative

the following characteristics belong to which decision making model: is descriptive and has bounded rationality, typically involves managers satisficing, goals are often vague and conflicting, managers are unaware of problems, rational procedures aren’t always used, and uses quasirationality and intuition

the administrative model

the following characteristics belong to which decision making model: useful for nonprogrammed decisions and resembles the environment, involves coalitions, orgs are made up of groups with diverse interests, goals, and values, information is ambiguous and incomplete, managers don’t have the time or resources necessary, and decisions are the result of bargaining and discussion among coalition members

the political model

what is the term for the concept of people being able to only process a limited amount of information

bounded rationality

the technique that uses a face-to-face group to spontaneously suggest a broad range of alternatives for making a decision is called __________

brainstorming

The tendency of people in groups to suppress contrary opinions in a desire for harmony

groupthink

________ is the decision making step where managers analyze underlying casual factors about situations (the 5 whys)

diagnosis and analysis

what do we call the distinctions among people with respect to how they evaluate problems, generate alternatives, and make choices 

decisional styles

what decisional style prefers simple clear cut solutions to problems

directive

what decisional style makes decisions based on all available rational data

analytical

what decisional style uses a broad amount of information to solve problems creatively

conceptual

when managers make decisions based on what they’ve done before and continue to do so based on past experiences, never inviting new styles or ideas, it is called __________

anchoring bias

the economic value of the combined knowledge, skills, experience, and capabilities of employees is called _____________

human capital

what are the steps to resource management using the strategic approach/rule

finding the right people, managing talent, and maintaining an effective workplace

what are the strategic issues that concern managers when using the strategic approach

hiring the right people who can help the org to become more competitive on a global basis, can improving quality, innovation, and customer service, and can apply new IT and HRM processes

what are the steps outlined in the chapter for the hiring, selection, management, and lifespan of employees at an org

HR planning, recruitment, selection, training, performance appraisal, rewards, benefits, and termination

if someone is denied promotion because of their religious beliefs or other things, it is considered ___________

discrimination

what are the characteristics of the old social contract that employees were granted

job security, a cog in the machine, routine jobs, limited info and authority, traditional compensation package

what are the characteristics of the new social contract that employees are granted

personal responsibility, skill development, creative development opportunities, incentive compensation, decision making authority

what is the forecasting of HR needs and the projected matching of individuals with expected job vacancies called

human resource planning

the process and event of activities or practices that define the characteristics of applicants to whom selection procedures are ultimately applied 

recruiting

systematic process of gathering and interpreting info about the essential duties, tasks, responsibilities, and context of a job

job analysis

summary of tasks, duties, and responsibilities of a job

job descriptions