main idea/topic
the author's message about a topic
thesis/claim
a claim or statement by an author
hook
grabs your audience’s attention to the topic at hand. it establishes a connection between the writer and a specific audience
concession
used to recognize counterclaims made by other side fairly and thoroughly
refutation
a writer argues at length against other side by proving their side has more validity
rebuttal
the writer acknowledges the other side has validity, but explains how their side is better
call to action
urging someone to do something to achieve a goal or deal with a problem
generalization
a general statement or concept obtained by an inference of specific cases
background knowledge
information that is essential to understanding a solution or problem
context
a set of facts or circumstances that surround a situation or event
summary
a brief statement that presents the main points in a concise form
conclusion
a final settlement
diction
a choice of words regarding correctness, clearness, and effectiveness by a speaker or author
connotation
the implied meaning of a word
denotation
the literal meaning of a word
tone
the author’s attitude toward their subject
mood
the atmosphere the author creates for the reader
genre
a kind of literary or artistic work
plot
devise the sequence of events in
setting
the state of the environment in which a situation exists
conflict
a disagree or argument
rising action
a related series of incidents in a literary plot that build toward the point of greatest interest
resolution
the end of the story
protagonist
the main character of a story
antagonist
the villain of a story
theme
the central idea of a literary work
symbolism
the use of symbols to represent something
imagery
a description of words that appeals to readers’ senses
allusion
passing reference or indirect mention to another literary work
personification
giving inhuman objects human characteristics
metaphor
direct comparisons without using the words “like” or “as”
simile
direct comparisons that use the words “like” or “as”
point of view
the point from which a story is told
author's purpose
an author's reason for or intent in writing
audience
the part of the general public interested in a source of information or entertainment
exemplification
uses examples to add weight to a concept. the use of examples evokes images that help the reader connect to the idea being defined
negation
negates, or excludes, something that is not part of a definition. it helps describe that definition by stating a limitation to its meaning
function
explains facets of a definition in terms of their purpose
classification
separates what is being defined into separate groups/classes. used to list smaller facets of a larger idea