Maturation of Orofacial Musculature

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to the maturation of orofacial musculature.

Orofacial Muscles

Muscles located in the face and mouth that are involved in various functions including expression, mastication, and swallowing.

Facial Nerve

Cranial nerve responsible for motor nerve supply to the facial muscles.

Cranial Nerve Innervation

Classification of muscles based on the cranial nerves which provide innervation.

Facial Muscles

Muscles responsible for facial expression and controlled by the facial nerve.

Expression of Emotions

Primary function of facial muscles, with over 7,000 possible facial expressions.

Orbicularis Oculi

Muscle encircling the eye, involved in closing the eyelids.

Buccinator

Muscle of the cheek that helps with mastication and holding food in place.

Temporalis

Muscle involved in elevating the mandible during chewing.

Masseter

Powerful muscle responsible for elevating the jaw during mastication.

Medial Pterygoid

Muscle involved in elevating the mandible and lateral movements.

Lateral Pterygoid

Muscle involved in protruding the jaw and moving the mandible laterally.

Depressor Anguli Oris

Muscle that pulls the corners of the mouth downward.

Zygomaticus Major

Muscle that elevates the corners of the mouth, involved in smiling.

Mentalis

Muscle that elevates and protrudes the lower lip.

Levator Labii Superioris

Muscle that elevates the upper lip.

Platysma

Superficial muscle of the neck that contributes to facial expression.

Paralysis of Orbicularis Oris

Leads to drooling and angular cheilosis due to inability to control lips.

Stabilization of the Mandible

Contributed by facial muscles during mastication and swallowing.

Buccal Shields

Used in myofunctional therapy to hold cheeks away from teeth.

Postural Equilibrium

Balance maintained by lip and tongue muscles against each other.

Habitual Posturing

Posture of the mandible maintained against gravity.

Swallowing Process

Involves coordination of various orofacial and jaw muscles.

Mature Swallow Characteristics

Includes teeth together and stabilized mandible by elevators.

Infantile Swallow Characteristics

Characterized by jaws apart with tongue between gum pads.

Myofunctional Appliance

Device to improve function of orofacial muscles.

Neural Control of Mandibular Posture

Refers to the ways in which nerves maintain jaw position.

Type I Muscle Fibers

Slow-twitch muscle fibers, resistant to fatigue and suited for posture.

Type II Muscle Fibers

Fast-twitch muscle fibers for quick, powerful movements.

Electromyography

Technique to evaluate muscle activity through electrical activity measurement.

Kinesiology

Study of movement resulting from muscle actions.

Functional Malocclusion

Deflective contacts in teeth that shift mandibular position.

Soft Palate

Part of the palate that assists in blocking the nasal cavity during swallowing.

Pharyngeal Constriction

Involves muscles that propel the bolus downward during swallowing.

Upper Esophageal Sphincter

Muscle that opens and closes to regulate flow from pharynx to esophagus.

Infantile Syndrome of Robin

Condition that may affect swallowing, characterized by underdeveloped jaw.

Pressure Gradients During Swallowing

Differences in pressure that assist the swallowing mechanism.

Palatoglossus Muscle

Muscle involved in tongue movements and swallowing.

Muscular Synergy

Coordinated action between different muscle groups for effective function.

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Tongue Muscles

Muscles that control the shape and position of the tongue.

Suckling Reflex

Reflex action important for feeding in newborns.

Bolus Control in Mastication

Ability of lips and cheeks to manage food during chewing.

Oral Functions in Neonates

Are primarily guided by tactile stimuli from lips and tongue.

Growth and Adaptation of Orofacial Muscles

Changes in muscle function and development in response to growth.

Funcional and Behavioral Studies

Research looking at muscle function and behavior related to growth.

Reflexes of the Orofacial Region

Involuntary responses essential for maintaining airway and swallowing.

Speech Articulation

Involvement of lips in producing sounds during speech.

Oral-Craniofacial Growth

Development of the structures involved in the mouth and face throughout life.

Skeletal Muscle Fiber Types

Different types of muscle fibers that contribute to various muscle function, including endurance and strength.

Neuromuscular Coordination

The ability of the nervous system to control muscles effectively during movement.

Speech Development

The process by which children learn and develop the ability to communicate verbally.

Orofacial Skeletal Relationships

The positional and functional relationships between the bones of the face and the jaw.

Mastication

The process of chewing food to prepare it for swallowing.

Tongue Thrust

A swallowing pattern where the tongue pushes forward between the teeth, which can lead to dental issues.

Throat Clearance Techniques

Methods used to clear the throat effectively during swallowing.

Nutritional Impact on Orofacial Development

How nutrition influences the growth and function of orofacial structures.

Craniofacial Disorders

Congenital conditions that affect the structure and function of