CH 18 FILL IN THE BLANK

These flashcards cover key concepts and definitions from Chapter 18 of Brock Biology of Microorganisms, focusing on the diversity and characteristics of microbial eukarya.

Microbial eukaryotes can be defined by their morphology as __, __, or __.

protists, algae, fungi

Eukarya exhibit tremendous morphological and ecological complexity but a limited range of __ diversity.

metabolic

Most species of microbial eukaryotes are __ aerobes.

obligate

Mitochondria evolved via __ endosymbiosis when an ancestor of Eukarya formed a symbiotic relationship with a bacterial cell.

Primary

Chloroplasts were acquired through primary endosymbiosis when a eukaryotic cell, which already contained mitochondria, acquired a __ cyanobacterium.

phototrophic

Secondary endosymbiosis involves engulfing a green or red __ cell.

algal

The five supergroups of Eukarya recognized by ribosomal RNA gene sequences are __, SAR clade, __, Amoebozoa, and __.

Archaeplastida, Excavates, Opisthokonta

Key genera of Excavates include __, Trichomonas, and __.

Giardia, Trypanosoma

Diplomonads have two nuclei of __ size.

equal

Giardia intestinalis causes __, a common waterborne intestinal disease.

giardiasis

Parabasalids have hydrogenosomes for __ metabolism.

anaerobic

Kinetoplastids are named for the presence of the __, a mass of DNA in their single large mitochondrion.

kinetoplast

Trypanosoma brucei is responsible for causing __ sleeping sickness.

African

Euglenids can exist as both chemotrophic and __.

phototrophic

Members of the Alveolata group are characterized by the presence of __, which are sacs underneath the cytoplasmic membrane.

alveoli

Ciliates possess __ at some stage of their life.

cilia

The most widely distributed genus of ciliates is __.

Paramecium

Dinoflagellates are diverse marine and freshwater __ organisms.

phototrophic

Some __ are free-living while others live symbiotically with corals.

dinoflagellates

Apicomplexans are obligate __ of animals.

parasites

Phytophthora is associated with the late blight disease in __.

potatoes

Diatoms have cell walls made of __ and are called frustules.

silica

Oomycetes also called __ molds are based on their filamentous growth.

water

Golden algae are named because of their __ color.

golden-brown

Rhizaria are distinguished by their threadlike __ that they use to move and feed.

pseudopodia

Chlorarachniophyta have atypical chloroplasts that are the product of __ endosymbiosis.

secondary

Foraminifera form shell-like structures known as __.

tests

Radiolarians are heterotrophic organisms that possess tests made of __.

silica

Haptophytes are unicellular and free-living __ protists found in aquatic environments.

phototrophic

Coccolithophores are distinguished by their ability to form intricate mineralized plates called __.

exoskeletons

Slime molds can move across surfaces rapidly and are classified into two groups: plasmodial and __ slime molds.

cellular

Fungi are heterotrophs that obtain their nutrition by secreting __ that break down complex chemicals.

enzymes

Most fungal cell walls are made of __.

chitin

Mycorrhizae are symbiotic associations between fungi and __ roots.

plant

Ascomycota reproduce by forming __ which are produced as a result of sexual reproduction.

asci

Zygospores are characteristic of the group __.

Zygomycota

The defining characteristic of Basidiomycota is the __, where haploid basidiospores are formed.

basidium

Red algae are also called __ and mostly inhabit marine environments.

rhodophytes

Green algae are closely related to __ and can be unicellular to multicellular.

plants