Proxy Wars- Set 4a (Asia and Latin America)

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Key terms Set 4a

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18 Terms

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Greek Civil War

1946-1949: War between the Greek monarchy (US backed) and communist rebels.

First real Cold War proxy war; led directly to the Truman Doctrine

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Dien Bien Phu

1954: Decisive Vietnamese victory against French colonial forces. Ended French rule in Indochina; led to US support of South Vietnam.

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Gulf of Tonkin Incident and Resolution

1964: Alleged attacks on US ships led to Congressional blank check for military escalation in Vietnam. Marked the formal US entry into the Vietnam War.

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Tet Offensive

1968: Suprise North Vietnamese attacks during Vietnamese holiday ceasefire. Military loss for communist, psychological defeat for the US. Changed public opinion of the war.

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My Lai Massacre

1968: US troops killed over 500 unarmed Vietnamese civilians in the village of My Lai. Sparked global outrage and protests.

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US invasion of Cambodia

1970: Nixon ordered a secret expansion of the Vietnam War into Cambodia to target Viet Cong and North Vietnamese sanctuaries. Intensified protests (Kent State Shootings)

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Cambodian Coup

1970: General Lon Nol (US-backed) overthrew Prince Sihanouk, shifting Cambodia toward US and triggering Civil War. Power vacuum led to the rise of Khmer Rouge, who later committed genocide.

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Cuban Revolution

1953-1959: Armed uprising led by Fidel Castro that overthrew US-backed dictator Batista. Led to the rise of a Marxist state aligned with the USSR.

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Bay of Pigs Invasion

1961: Failed US-backed invasion of Cuba by exiles trying to overthrow Castro. Embarrassment for JFK.

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Cuban Missile Crisis

1962: 13-day standoff after US found Soviet missiles in Cuba.

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Operation Mongoose

1961-63: Secret CIA campaign to destabilize Castro’s regime via sabotage and assassination attempts (poison cigars, exploding seashells)

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Operation PBSuccess

1954: CIA-led coup in Guatemala, overthrowing President Jacobo Arbenz (who had tried land reform that threatened US business interests (United Fruit Company))

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Chilean Coup

1973: US-backed military coup overthrew democratically elected socialist Salvador Allende. Installed Augusto Pinochet, who ruled with brutality and torture.

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Operation Condor

1970s-80s: Coordinated campaign by right-wing dictatorships to eliminate leftist threats. Backed by CIA (assassinations, torture, etc.)

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Salvadoran Civil War

1979-92: US-backed Salvadoran govt fought Marxist guerilla group FMLN. US provided arms, training, etc., despite human rights abuse.

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Nicaraguan Civil War

1979-90: US supported Contras, a right-wing rebel group, against the leftist Sandinistas who overthrew the US-backed Somoza regime.

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Iran-Contra Scandal

1985-1987: US illegally sold arms to Iran and funneled profits to Nicaraguan Contras. Nearly ruined Reagan’s presidency.

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El Mozote Massacre

1981: US- trained Salvadoran military killed 800 civilians in El Mozote village. Covered up by both governments; one of the worst Western Hemisphere massacres during the Cold War.