Studied by 5 people
Scots-Irish
Presbyterian immigrants from Scotland and Northern Ireland (Ulster) who came in large numbers during the 18th century who had qualities in
rugged individualism
revolutionary sentiment
westward expansion
expansion, frontier
The Scots and Irish were critical to the ? in the American ?
English, English
The Scots and Irish carried a strong sense of independence to ? authority contributing to an increasing anti-? American identity
economic, persecution
The Scots and Irish immigrated to America to escape ? problems and religious ?
Paxton Boys
A group of Pennsylvania Frontiersman (who were Scots-Irish) who started an uprising against the Native Americans in the 18th century
demanded action
Pennsylvania backcountry origins
strong violence against Natives
inaction, raids, stronger
The Paxton Boys were frustrated with the British and colonial governments’ ? to the Native American ? and demanded ? measures against the Natives
when this didn’t work, they took matters into their own hands
colonial, frontier, English
The Paxton Boys represented the tensions between the ? authorities and the ? settlers
this put the adequacy of ? protection into question
Almshouses
American charity institutions made to care for the elderly, poor, and disabled starting in the 17th century
managed by religious organizations and local governments
provided food, housing, and basic care
community, poverty, social
Almshouses were one of the first examples of a ? effort in America to address ? and ? welfare
social welfare, precursor
Almshouses were crucial as they would later evolve into more structured ? systems in America
they were the ? to later institutions
Samuel Adams
A founding father who was strongly opposed to British rule and was a pivotal figure in the Revolutionary War primarily active in the 18th century
master of propaganda
master organizer
Sons of Liberty, Boston Tea Party
Samuel Adams was the leader of the ? and led the ?
Declaration of Independence, Bill of Rights, federal
Samuel Adams was critical to the drafting of the ?, the supporting of the ?, and the advocacy of a strong ? government
Samuel Adams was one of the embodiments of a struggle for American Independence
Great Awakening
A major upheaval in religious attitudes in the 18th century where people started to value person religious experiences over traditional Church practices
resistance to authority
personal, formal, Church
The Great Awakening saw the rise of ? religious experiences over the ? teachings of the established ?
George Whitefield, Jonathan Edwards
Two major figures of the Great Awakening include ? and ?
diversity, public debate, individualism, democratic
The Great Awakening was pivotal in
increasing religious ?
encouraging ?
developing the American idea of ?
developing the idea of a ? form of power
George Whitefield
An English Preacher during the Great Awakening who gave dynamic sermons during the 18th century
attracted New England and Southern colonists
charismatic, dramatic
George Whitefield was ? and ? during his sermons, making him a great public speaker
protestantism, denominations, public speaking
George Whitefield was pivotal to shaping American ? and creating new ? of Christianity
he helped popularized ?
Jonathan Edwards
A leading preacher and theologian during the Great Awakening
known for his special type of sermons
fire, brimstone, personal
Jonathan Edwards followed a popular format of sermons called ?-and-? where he emphasized eternal damnation without ? salvation
Evangelical Protestantism
Jonathan Edwards helped to spread ? across America
permanently changed the religious landscape of America
Old Lights vs New Lights
A term used to describe the division between 2 different religious communities in during the Great Awakening in the 18th century
significant changes to American religious life
Old Lights
Traditionalist religious people who opposed the revivalist movement (Great Awakening)
stuck to formal worship
New Lights
Supporters of the Great Awakening
agreed to the movement’s new emotional and experience-based approach to religion
diversity, cultural, political
The disagreement between the Old Lights and the New Lights helped to
increase religious ?
broaden America’s ? and ? landscape as people learning to debate more often
John Singleton Copely
A famous American painter who used realism to depict colonial leaders primarily throughout the 18th century
realistic, detailed
John Singleton Copely used a ? and ? style when painting
social, political, identity
John Singleton Copely was pivotal in documenting the ? and ? dynamics of colonial America
he established a distinctive American ? when it came to art
John Peter Zenger
A colonial printer who had a trial in the 18th century where he expressed his support of the truth standing above all else in the Press
criticizing, William Cosby
John Peter Zenger was charged for ? the New York Governor ?
Freedom of Press, journalists, democracy
John Peter Zenger was the original driving force of supporting the ?
supported the protection of ?
gave the colonists an understanding of ?
Zenger Decision
A famous decision in John Peter Zenger’s famous trial where he Zenger was declared “not guilty” for declaring the Freedom of Press and importance of the truth
Note 
Flashcard (107)