E5

Why can stellar parallax only be used on stars less than 100pc away

The further the star, the smaller the angle. You’d need the eyes of a microscope to see that small of an angle

1 Au = x m?

1.46×10¹¹

1 ly = x m?

9.46×10¹⁵

1 ly = x AU?

63240

1 pc = x m?

3.086×10¹⁶

1 pc = x ly?

3.26

1 pc = x AU?

206265

What is the process of hydrostatic equilibrium

Maintaining the balance between gravitational forces of the mass of the star with the outward pressure (thermal energy and radiation pressure) produced by nuclear fusion in the core.

Through what process do stars not collapse

Hydrostatic equilibrium

What do main sequence stars fuse

hydrogen (Deuterium H-2 and Tritium H-3) into helium in their cores.

What do you have to multiply mass defect by in order to find binding energy?

931.5

What unit is binding energy in

MeV(Mega electronvolts)

What is the main sequence star’s fusion process called?

p-p Chain (heh), or proton proton chain (boring name)

What makes 2H (deuterium)

Hydrogen and Hydrogen

What makes Helium-3

Deuterium and Hydrogen

What do you get when two helium-3 atoms fuse together

You get helium-4 and two protons. (or 2 hydrogen nulceus/atoms)

what is the electric force

230N

What are the conditions of fusion

• Nuclei must be moving very fast

  • Enough speed to overcome the 230N of force pushing atoms away from each other

• Nuclei must be very packed together, dense

  • Where there are more nuclei to be found, there is a higher chance of reaction

What do P-P chains combine

Protons, Hydrogens, and Heliums

What do CNO Cycles combine

Hydrogen + Big stuff (Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen)

How do stars off the main sequence generate energy

No more Hydrogen, so they will use helium and anything they can find (heavier elements)

What is the fusing of larger nuclei called

Nucleosynthesis

What is the limit of fusion

Cannot go beyond Fe, it is at the peak

How would you fission Fe

Bombard its nucleus with neutrons

How are super heavy elements made

Big boom of the void (supernovas & dying stars)

What is luminosity

The power output of a star in Watts

What is luminosity directly dependent on

size and temperature

What is the formula for Luminosity

L=sigma×SA×T⁴ (SA Is surface area!)

What is sigma for luminosity

5.67×10^-8Wm^-2K^-4

What is the area of a sphere

4pir²

Do bigger or smaller stars use more fuel

Bigger, duh

What is directly related to the lifespan of a star

mass. in fact M/L = amount of fuel (mass) / Rate of burning fuel (L)

What type of stars are brighter than usual

big ones

What is the inverse square law

Certain physical quantities decrease with the square of the distance from a source

What does L mean in the inverse square law

Luminosity of source (watts)

what is d in the inverse square law

distance from source

What is 4pid² in the inverse square law

SArea of sphere, d is radius tho

what can I be supplemented with in the inverse square law

b, the apparent brightness

What prevents a black body from infinitely retaining heat

emitted radiation

what happens to peak wavelength as something trends towards HOT

blu

What are the two ways a star can increase its luminosity

Be very hot

Be very large

(reminds me of someones… mom)

What kind of star is formed by matter slowly condensing through gravity until Jean’s Mass Criterion is reached

Proto Star

What is Jean’s Mass Criterion

The critical mass at which a gas cloud in space collapses on itself, starting the life cycle of a star

What are remnants of supergiants

Neutron Stars

How dense are neutron stars

very

What are remnants of red giants

White dwarfs

How Dense are white dwarfs

very

How hot are white dwarfs

very

what do neutron stars remind me of

your mom

what is the escape speed of a blackhole

more than the speed of light