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social movement
a widely shared demand for change in some aspect of the social or political order
structural violence
violence that results from the way that political and economic forces structure risk for various forms of suffering within a population
Relative Deprivation Theory
Actions of groups that are oppressed/deprived of rights that others in society enjoy. ex. Civil Rights Movements
resource mobilization theory
Focus on factors that help/hinder a social movement like access to resources
political opportunity theory
social protests are directly related to the political opportunities that potential protesters and movement organizers believe exist within the political system
Resistance Movement:
A social movement that arises to block change or eliminate a previously instituted change.
Non-violent resistance
The use of peaceful means to protest; refusing to fight back.
Violent resistance
partner forcibly fights back against intimate terrorism
Digital activism
the use of hashtags and posts to raise awareness and foster discussion about specific issues and causes via social media
Arab Spring
A revolutionary wave of protests and demonstrations overtaking dictators in the Middle East (2011)
political party
A group of individuals with broad common interests who organize to nominate candidates for office, win elections, conduct government, and determine public policy
coalition
a combination, union, or merger for some specific purpose
party system
the categorization of the number and competitiveness of political parties in a polity
political attitudes
Individuals' views and preferences about public policies, political parties, candidates, government institutions, and public officials.
political ideology
a more or less consistent set of beliefs about what policies government ought to pursue
political leaders
charismatic and strong leaders are able to mold public opinion to support their ideas and policies.
Political Polarization
Polarization itself is typically understood as "a prominent division or conflict that forms between major groups in a society or political system and that is marked by the clustering and radicalisation of views and beliefs at two distant and antagonistic poles.
Consociationalism
a form of governance that seeks to regulate the sharing of power in a state among diverse groups, promoting cooperation and stability.
Political Pillarization
the vertical separation of citizens into groups by religion and associated political beliefs. These societies were (and in some areas, still are) divided into two or more groups known as pillars
head of state
The executive role that symbolizes and represents the people both nationally and internationally.
head of government
The executive role that deals with the everyday tasks of running the state, such as formulating and executing policy
Regime Type
the form of a political regime, such as democratic versus authoritarian, as well as subtypes, such as personalistic dictatorships or totalitarian regimes
Government Systems
unitary system and federal system
Democratic leaders
leaders who encourage group discussion and decision making through consensus building
authoritarian leaders
Political figures who centralize power and limit individual freedoms, often using oppressive measures to maintain control.
revolutionary leaders
Top-down and directive, leaders need to be decisive and time is of the essence
Note 
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