physical chemistry
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32 Terms
when does equilibrium occur?
when the rate of forward and backwards reaction is equal meaning the composition of products and reactants stays constant
what does the equilibrium constant (K) show?
the composition of products and reactants at equilibrium
what is the value of K when the reactions are flavoured equally
1
what is the value of K when the forward reaction is favoured
greater than 1
what is the value of K when the backwards reaction is favoured?
less than 1
what does not contribute to the equilibrium constant?
pure solids or liquids as they have too many particles
how does concentration/pressure effect the value of K?
it does not effect the value of K
how does an increase in temperature effect the value of K
it will cause the endothermic reaction to be favoured, decreases if forward is exothermic, increases if forward is endothermic
how does a decrease in temperature effect the value of K
it will cause the exothermic reaction to be favoured, if the forward reaction is exothermic K will increase, if the forward reaction is endothermic K will decrease
how do catalysts effect the value of K?
they do not effect the value of K
what is the dissociation of water?
the equilibrium between water molecules and hydronium and hydroxide ions (H+ OH-)
what is Kw?
the equilibrium constant for the dissociation of water or the ionic product
what happens to pH of water when temperature changes?
pH value of the neutral point decreases when temperature increases
what is the value of Kw in standard conditions?
1×10-14
how would you calculate the pH when given acid concentration?
sub concentration value into pH=-log10[H3O+]
how would you calculate the pH value when given concentration of a base
find concentration of H+ using Kw equation when solve as for acid
what is pH a measure of?
the concentration of H+ ions
how would you find the concentration of an acid from a pH
10-pH
what is an acid?
a substance capable of donating a proton
what is a base?
a substance capable of accepting a proton
is water an acid or a base?
water is amphoric so can act as an acid or a base
what do acids form when they react?
a conjugate base
what do bases form when they react?
a conjugate acid
what is a strong acid/base
an acid/base that fully disassociates into ions when in solution, there are many more ions than molecules
what is a weak acid/base
an acid/base that only partially disassociates when in solution, there are more molecules than ions
solutions of the same concentration of a weak or strong acid/base have the different…
pH values, conductivity and rates of reaction
solutions of the same concentration of a weak or strong acid/base have the same…
stoichiometry meaning the same volume is needed for a reaction
how do you calculate the value of pKa?
-logKa
what is Ka?
the acid dissociation constant, it shows how weak/strong an acid is
what value of Ka do stronger acids have
larger value
what value of Ka do weaker acids have?
smaller
how would you calculate the pH of a weak acid
1/2pKa-1/2log10c
