HCI Midterm reviewer

Human Computer Interaction

Human Computer Interaction

is a field of study focused on interfaces

between users and computer

Desktop Metaphor or Desktop & Mental Models (1980s-1990s)

Files and folders displayed as an icon people became used to double-clicking, dragging icons around their displays, losing track of things on their computer interfaces just as they do on their physical desktop.

Mental modeling and human factors engineering were encouraging factors in developing

software.

Collaboration & Communication

(1990s-early 2000s)

Wen computers became known as an instrument for communication, the explanation of how it will be processed and how it will work in the real world could no longer describe the deeper meaning of computer interaction

Social Change, Social Expression

(mid 2000s-2010s)

• People were encouraged to study the purpose of technology in our living and the paradox of living “alone together” when people change their attention to particular devices in social settings.

• Additionally, a holistic approach to design appears, stressing the intricate relationships between people, places, and technologies. Pleasure, enjoyment play, and exploration become essential components design

Ergonomics or Social Change, Social Expression

(mid 2000s-2010s)

is all about studying people’s efficiency in their workplace. is about ‘fit within a working environment’ means, the capability and comfortability of a person in the working environment is the main priority to achieve good performance and productivity in a working environment.

Human-technology symbiosis

The problem of the symbiosis of humans by an intelligent environment is complicated and multi-faceted, spreading beyond technological limits to a multi-disciplinary strategy to also address moral, societal, and rational compelling problems.

Human-environment interaction

it is now used beyond desk metaphor, beyond the original design of keyboard and pointer to touch and gestures.

Ethics, privacy and security

it has been a major concern in technology on how they establish new codes of ethics in fundamentals privacy concerns, online social networks, healthcare technologies, biometrics, internet of things and big data, intelligent environments, and cybersecurity.

Well-being, health and eudaimonia

The issue are own medical devices and self-tracking, a serious game for health, ambient assisted living, and intelligence in healthcare.

Accessibility and universal access

HCI and IT application were supposed to be used on an equal basis despite of your life, whether a person with disabilities or older person.

Learning and creativity

Learning how to design engaging systems that are captivating someone’s interest is paramount importance.

Social organization and democracy

These issues of sustainability, fairness, active citizen, participation and equality must be pursued and discussed.

HCI theme

is the idea that people working with a computer system should come first. Considering their capabilities, demands, preference on a particular task should direct the perception of developers in a way that they design systems to achieve the ‘fit in’ or having comfortable using with the system, they don’t have to change the way they use it.

1970’s

This year study started as a specialization in computer science that transformed into a multifaceted community of tech professional.

Implications of HCI in Society

increase automation, Quicker and Accurate inputs, Shop at ease Mobile communication, Specialized interfaces, Ease of communication, Improved usability, Remote control Specialized interface.

Implications of HCI in Culture

Improved social aspect, minimized language barriers, Develop living, standards, Deskilling

Advantages of Human Computer Interaction

Discoveries in all industries, Cost efficiency, Easy to access information, Better communication, improve in way of traveling

Disadvantages of Human Computer Interaction

Weapons of Mass Destruction, Social Isolation, Dependency, Lower value of human workers, Reduction of creativity and change reasoning

Input-output channels

Vision, hearing, touch, movement

Human Memory

• Sensory memory

• Short-term – used to store information which only required fleeting.

• Long-term memory – it has unlimited capacity, a slow access time and forgetting occurs more slowly or not at all.

Thinking reasoning and problem solving

• Reasoning

• Deduction – deductive reasoning derives the logically necessary conclusion from the given premises.

• Induction – induction reasoning is generalizing

from cases we have seen to infer information

about cases we have not seen.

• Abduction – reasons from a fact to the action

or state that caused it.

Text entry devices

• Alphanumeric keyboard

• Chord keyboards – only a few keys are used. Letters are produces pressing multiple keys at once.

• Phone pad – a numeric and an alphanumeric mode.

• Handwriting recognitions-the way in which the letter is drawn, not the letter itself.

• Speech recognition - the performance of spee

Positioning, pointing and drawing

•Mouse – the mouse is an indirect input device because a transformation is required to map from the horizontal nature of the desktop to the vertical alignment of the screen.

• Touchpad- are touch-sensitive tablets operated by sliding the finger over it and are mostly used in notebook computers

• Trackball and thumbwheel – is an up-side down mouse: instead of moving the device itself, the ball is rolled to move the cursor. Thumbwheel offer less usability because they can only manipulate the horizontal and vertical movement of the cursor.

Effects of finite processor speed / Processing and networks

the processing speed of an interactive system can affect the user by being too slow or too fast.

Limitations on interactive performan / Processing and networks

computation bound, storage channel bound, graphics bound and network capacity.

Network computing / Processing and networks

networked systems have an effect on interactivity, because the large distances may cause a noticeable delay in response from the system.

The execution evaluation cycle

the plan formulated by users is executed by the computer

The interaction framework

on the user-side, communication is in task-language and on the system side, in core language.

Ergonomics

the user side of the interface, covering both input and output and the user’s immediate context.

Interaction Styles

Command line interface, Menus, Natural language, Question/answer and query dialog, form fills and spreadsheets, The WIMP interface, Point-and-click interfaces, Three-dimensional interfaces

Elements of the WIMP-Interface

Windows, Icons, Pointers, Menus, Buttons, Toolbars, Palettes, Dialog box

Interactivity

Is essential in determining the ‘feel’ of a WIMP environment

The context of the interaction

The presence of other people in a work environment affects the performance of the worker in any task.

Ergonomics

The study of the physical characteristics of the

interactions.

Command Line Interface

provides a means of expressing instructions to the computer directly, using function key

Menus

a set of menu options available for the user is displayed on the screen. The ____ can be presented text-based and graphical

Natural Language

The ambiguity of natural language makes it very hard for a machine to understand.

Question/Answer and query dialogue

The user is asked a series of questions and so is led through the interaction step by step.

Form fills and spreadsheets

primary used for data entry but can also be useful in data retrieval applications.

Point-and-click interfaces

The ___ is closely related to the WIMP-style: pointing and clicking are the only actions required to access information.

Three-dimensional interfaces

the simplest technique is where ordinary WIMP elements are given a 3D appearance. A more complex technique uses interfaces with 3D workspaces. The most complex 3D-workspace is virtual reality.

Paradigm

It refers to a particular approach that has been adopted by a community in terms of shared assumptions, concepts, values, and practices.

Time sharing

means one computer could support multiple users

Video Displays Unit

The earliest applications of __ were developed for military purposes

Programming toolkits

The power of this ____ is that small components can be used to create large tools. Larger tools can create mor complex systems

Personal Computing

As the modern era arises, it is more difficult to distinguish between ___ from workstation.

Windows systems and the WIMP Interface

The personal computer needs to be flexible to be an effective dialogue partner

Metaphor

are used to teach new concepts with the terms

which are already understood.

Hypertext

is a storage and retrieval apparatus that is used to link different text together.

Multi-Modality

An interactive system relies on the use of multiple human communication channels.

Computer-supported cooperative work

These are the system that are built to allow interaction between humans using the computer and so the needs of the users must be represented in one product.

World Wide Web

it is the graphic top-layer which is popular for exchanging information in the HTML-markup notation.

Agent-based interfaces

Software agents perform actions for the user, but the number one problem is to specify the user’s task correctly in a clear language.

Ubiquitous Computing

The goal of this is to create a computing infrastructure that fill out physical environment so much that we do not notice the computer any longer.

Sensor-based and context-aware interaction

It is simple the future a computer adjusting to our own behaviors and performing on background using the information gathered from the sensors.

Discover

Insight into the problem

Define

The area to focus upon

Develop

Potential solutions

Deliver

Solutions that work

HCI

It is a discipline of interactive computing systems for human use and with the study of major phenomena around them

Bootstrapping

It is the idea of building components of a computer which will allow you to rebuild a more complex system

Inter

It can be seen as the mediator between the user and the system