Criminal Justice Ethics Chapter 3

three themes of justice

-fairness
-equality
-impartiality

fairness

the condition of being impartial, the allocation of equal shares or equal opportunities

equality

the same values, rights, or treatment between all in a specific group

impartiality

not favoring one party or interest more than another

justice

the quality of being impartial, fair, and just

distributive justice

justice that concerns what measurement should be used to allocate society's resources

economic goods

income or property

opportunities for development

education or citizenship

recognition

honor or status

veil of ignorance

John rawl's theory that people will develop fair distributions only if they are ignorant of their position in society

corrective justice

substantive and procedural components

substantive justice

what is fair and equitable

two philosophies of substantive justice

retributive and utilitarian

retributive justice

the component of justice that concerns the determination and methods of punishment

utilitarian justice

the type of justice that looks to the greatest good for all as the end

procedural justice

-the primary content of organizational justice, which implies fairness in the decision-making process
-a philosophy and movement that emphasizes fairness in the processes of resolving disputes and allocating resources

due process

the 5th and 14th amendments of the constitution guarantee due process to all citizens

procedural protections may include

-notices of change
-neutral hearing body
-right of cross-examination
-right to present evidence
-representation by counsel
-statement of findings
-appeal

organizational justice

a type of procedural justice specific to employee perceptions of how they are treated within an organization

four elements of procedural justice concepts

-voice: allowing the citizen the right to speak
-neutrality: fairness in decisions
-respect: using respectful language and not demeaning the citizens
-trustworthiness: the belief that the actions are for the public good

wrongful convictions

a false conviction, occurs when a person is wrongfully convicted or their rights are infringed

innocence project

an organization who reexamine cases and provide legal assistance to convicts when there is a probability that serious errors occur in their prosecution

confirmatory bias

fixating on a preconceived notion and ignoring other possibilities

restorative justice

an approach to corrective justice that focuses on meeting the needs of all concerned

programs designed to move compensation to the center stage of the justice system

-community policing
-family group conferences

unjust laws often have the following characteristics

-they degrade humans
-discriminatory against certain groups
-they are enacted by unrepresentative authorities
-they are unjustly applied

civil disobedience

the refusal to accept perceived unfair laws, of a government or occupying power without resorting to aggression