European Imperialism: Definitions, Motives, and Key African Events

European imperialism definitions

-domination of other places

-Millitary conquest to political control

-trade/economy

European imperialism motives

*-economic

-religion

*-geopolitics

*-duty to civilize

Economic: imperialism for Europe

Industry and market for goods

Religion: imperialism for Europe

Spread faith

Geopoltics: imperialism for Europe

-stratigic millitary bases

-control of trade

-maintaining equalness

domestic politics (internal problems)

duty to civilize: imperialism for Europe

civilize ppl, colonize places

before the 1870s the brittish...

dont have many colonies

begining of the congo

Leopald II wanted a colony of beligum in africa so he hires stanley to sign peace treaties with cheifs that were backed with millitary

Congo free state

free zone for Europe were many africans become slaves; 4-8 million africas dead in 26 years

Egypt

Go by british so they can have a path to india; economic problems cause social unrest

Fighting/African service in Great War in Africa

-More than 1 million fight in war

-as much as 2 million = support Staff

-Forced to participate

-more than 150,000 Africans killed

new elite

-Africans who are intelligent bc they were educated in Europe / USA

-gov officials, lawyers, writers, teachers

-understand culture and dress/talk like Europeans

3 reasons for the late colonization:

1) African's not capable of governing themselves. 2) settlers resistant to decolonization. 3) Cold War.

ghana 1957

-Independent Nkrumah is in prison but gets out because elected and led peaceful movements

-goes from local to national government in six years

-Nkrumah's gov is Scientific Socialism.

Scientific socialism

1 party, economic approach leads to bankruptcy, projects to gov members business's, not funding what people NEED, overthrown in 1966, new party takes over.

Egypt 1922

Colony because of Suez Canal, Independence in 1922, tried informal imperialism: suez crisis leads to independendence+ eygpt gets full canal control. Britain France and Israel try to invade but USA and Soviet force them to withdraw

abel Nasser

leader in millitary cup

Angola/Mozembigue

-1995 Portuguese pushed out because of mau mau

-socialism government in both

-West supports cups to be overthrown

Berlin west african conference

14 eurpian states + US meet and set ground rules for colonization

1. tell everyone else

2. make sure nobody has a claim

scramble for africa ( )

1880- 1914

South Africa

-White Settlement

-abolition of slavery= afrikaners are mad because they thought they had access to anything with people.

Great trek

-Afrikaners leave and migrate Northeast

- British Annex and discover diamonds (1867)

Cecil Rhodes

-Tuberculosis brought him to South Africa because of dry climate

-very rich so bought 90% of diamond fields in World

-prime minister of Cape Colony six years in 1890s

South African war

Rise of Afrikonors vs. British

-first war vs. two white groups were Africans are in the middle

involvement in the Great War in Africa

-every part plays role/pick side

- Germany has four colonies in Africa but Britain and France invade them.

African Nationalism

-Africa was mad because no reward for fighting

-Woodrow Wilson and 14 points speech motivates the Africans for Independence

European influence on ideology

-Unity bc culture not place

-undermine African culture

-made New Colony boarders intentionally to split and merge ethnic groups

African concepts of ideology

-Embrace/celebrate Race

-come together to fight for Freedom

-unity + help weaker States

eurpopean acceptance to decolonization

Geopolitics have changed ( WW II effect because of Hitler)

internal political development is the main focus of colonies

not economically feasible + not paying for themselves

kenya 1963

-White settler population won't leave easily

- Mau mau = land in Freedom Army

-starts attacking settlers

-British response to the attacks are to convince the public mau mau= bad, bomb camps -arrest everyone and go into a state of emergency.

Jomo kenyatta

First prime minister of Kenya but becomes president, died in 1978 and goes back to one party rule

Algeria 1962

-North French Colony with settler population of 2 million

-let Africans become French citizens (new elite)

-problem = racism

Charles de Gaulle

-Algeria cost more than worth

-geopolitical shift = now more worried about own country

-says "if you want independence take it" but won't let Algeria

FLN

-Algerian Independence Army

-after French + anyone who agree with French ideas

-War verse FLN + France lasts 8 years

-FLN becomes political party when one party religious system

congo 1960

colony Belgium

African resistance made Belgium leave

Patrice lumumba =socialist leader becomes prime minister

-overthrown/Assassined by military cup of Joseph Mobutu

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