Unit 2

Condensation

G-L

Fusion

S-L

Sublimation

S-G

Vaporization

L-G

Heat goes into the system

Endo

Give an example of an endo process

Fusion (melting)

Heat exits the system

Exo

Give an example of an exo process

Condensation

Combined Gas Law Equation

P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2

What is the exception with Boron

Tends to be more stable w just 6 electrons (octet exception)

No permanent dipole moment if molecule is

Symmetrical

Intermediate or Catalyst: product then reactants

Intermediate

Intermediate or Catalyst: Reactant - Product

Catalyst

Strong Base is usually made up of what combo

Group 1 or 2 + OH

Greatest lattice energy has

Highest charge (multiply charges of each element w eo)

Smallest ionic radius

Ionization energy

Energy required to remove electron

Ionization energy increases what direction of the periodic table

Up left to right

Radii increases what direction on the periodic table

Down a group

Radii decreases what direction on the periodic table

To the right

QUESTION: For which pairs of species is the difference in radii the greatest?

A. Li and F

B. Li+ and F-

C. Li+ and O2-

D. O2- and F-

C. Li+ and O2

Bc Li has the smallest radii and the size decreases going to the right and since O is less to the right than F, it’s bigger than F, therefore the radii difference btwn Li+ and O2- is greatest

How many orbitals are in each subshell

S=1

P=3

D=5

F=7

What is the molecular geometry and bond angle of

2 electron domains and 0 LP

Linear 180

What is the molecular geometry and bond angle of

3 ED and 0 LP

Trig Planar 120

What is the molecular geometry and bond angle of

3 ED and 1 LP

Bent 120

What is the molecular geometry and bond angle of

4 ED and 0 LP

Tetrahedral 109.5

What is the molecular geometry and bond angle of

4 Ed and 1 LP

Trig Pyramidal <109.5

What is the molecular geometry and bond angle of

4 ED 2 LP

Bent <109.5

What is the molecular geometry and bond angle of

5 ED and 0 LP

Trig Bipyramidal 120 (equatorial) 90 (axial)

What is the molecular geometry and bond angle of

5 ED and 1 LP

Seesaw <120 and <90

5 Ed and 2 LP

T-shaped <90

5 ED and 3 LP

Linear 180

How many sigma/pi bonds in a single bond

1 sigma

How many sigma/pi bonds in a double bond

1 sigma 1 pi

How many sigma/pi bonds in a triple bond

1 sigma 2 pi

How to figure out hybridization

Add up all sigma bonds and LP

What is the hybridization if the sum is 2

sp

What is the hybridization if the sum is 3

sp2

What is the hybridization if the sum is 4

sp3

What is the hybridization if the sum is 5

sp3d

What is the hybridization if the sum is 6

sp3d2