general bio final

What is the role of chlorophyll?

a-To produce sugar.

b-To trap heat energy.

c-To trap light energy.

d-To transform energy.

c

Which useful energy conversion is carried out by chlorophyll?

a-Heat energy to light energy.

b-Chemical energy to heat energy.

c-Light energy to chemical energy.

d-Chemical energy to light energy.

c

What are the products of the light reactions?

a-Hydrogen and sugar.

b-Oxygen and hydrogen.

c-Sugar and oxygen.

d-Carbon dioxide and oxygen.

b

In photosynthesis, what is ATP required for?

a-Carbon fixation.

b-Splitting water.

c-Trapping light energy.

d-Trapping chemical energy.

a

In which cell organelles does carbon fixation occur?

a-Chloroplasts.

b-Mitochondria.

c-Vacuoles.

d-Golgi.

a

Which word equation correctly describes the process of photosynthesis?

a- carbon dioxide + oxygen = sugar + water

b- carbon dioxide + water = sugar + oxygen.

c- sugar +oxygen = carbon dioxide + water.

d- sugar +water = carbon dioxide + oxygen.

b

Which of the following are uses for the sugar produced by photosynthesis?

a- Making starch and cellulose.

b- Making glycogen and starch.

c- Making cellulose and glycogen.

d- Making starch.

a

Which of the following are two major limiting factors of photosynthesis? a. Carbon dioxide concentration and temperature

b. Temperature and oxygen concentration

c. Oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration

d. Carbon dioxide concentration

a

Why can photosynthesis not occur at very high temperatures?

a- Because carbon dioxide concentration is lower

b- Because enzyme activity is lower

c- Because light intensity is lower

d- Because oxygen concentration is higher

b

Which limiting factor of photosynthesis is likely to have the greatest effect on plants growing in an open field during a hot summer day?

a- Carbon dioxide concentration.

b- Light intensity.

c- Temperature.

d- Humidity.

a

What is the main function of Photosystem II (PSII)?

A. Produce glucose

B. Absorb carbon dioxide

C. split water and produce oxygen

D. Convert ATP to ADP

c

Which pigment is common to both PSI and PSII?

A. Chlorophyll b B. Carotenoids C. Chlorophyll a D. Anthocyanin

c

Which photosystem absorbs light at around 680 nm?

A. Photosystem I B. Photosystem II C. Both PSI and PSII D. Neither

b

What is the final electron acceptor in Photosystem I?

A. NADP B. Oxygen C. Water D. ATP

a

What important product is made by Photosystem I (PSI)?

A. Oxygen B. Glucose C. NADPH D. ATP

c

What molecule donates electrons to Photosystem II?

A. ATP B. Glucose C. water D. NADPH

c

Where do Photosystem I and II occur in the chloroplast?

A. Stroma B. Outer membrane C. Thylakoid membrane D. Cytoplasm

c

Which of the following is a result of the electron transport chain between PSII and PSI?

A. Glucose synthesis

B. Oxygen formation

C. ATP Synthesis

D. NADPH formation

c

What does the "P" in P680 and P700 stand for?

A. Phosphate B. Photosystem C. Pigment D. Photon

c

Why is photosynthesis important for plants?

A. It helps them produce oxygen

B. It allows them to make their own food

C. It helps them grow faster

D. It protects them from predators

b

What are the main products of photosynthesis?

A. Oxygen and glucose

B. Water and carbon dioxide

C. Oxygen and nitrogen

D. Carbon dioxide and sunlight

a

How does photosynthesis contribute to the oxygen we breathe?

A. Plants absorb oxygen during photosynthesis

B. Plants release oxygen during photosynthesis

C. Photosynthesis produces carbon dioxide

D. Plants convert oxygen into glucose

b

What role does sunlight play in photosynthesis?

A. It provides energy for the process

B. It produces carbon dioxide

C. It makes plants grow faster

D. It helps plants absorb nutrients

A

Why do plants need water for photosynthesis?

A. Water provides oxygen to the plant

B. Water helps to make glucose

C. Water is used to produce energy

D. Water is broken down to release electrons during photosynthesis

d

How does photosynthesis help in the carbon cycle?

A. It produces oxygen that animals need

B. It converts carbon dioxide into organic compounds

C. It reduces the amount of carbon in the atmosphere

D. It stores carbon as glucose

B

Can photosynthesis occur without sunlight? Why or why not?

A. Yes, because plants can use stored energy

B. No, because sunlight provides the energy needed for photosynthesis

C. Yes, because plants do not need light to make food

D. No, because plants do not need sunlight for photosynthesis

b

How does photosynthesis support life on Earth?

A. It helps plants grow faster

B. It produces oxygen for animals to breathe

C. It makes the planet warmer

D. It helps plants get rid of waste

b

Why is glucose produced during photosynthesis important for plants?

A. It is used as energy for growth and development

B. It is stored in the soil for later use

C. It helps plants absorb sunlight

D. It is released into the air as oxygen

a

How does photosynthesis indirectly support humans and animals?

A. By providing oxygen and food through plants

B. By producing carbon dioxide for breathing

C. By helping plants grow flowers

D. By protecting plants from pests

a

Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with what types of cellular structures?

A) sites of energy production in cellular respiration

B) membrane proteins

C) ribosomes

D) cytoskeletons

E) cellulose fibers in the cell wall

D

All of the following serve an important role in determining or maintaining the structure of protein. Which of the following are distinct from the others in their composition?

A) microtubules B) microfilaments C) plant cell walls D) intermediate filaments E) nuclear lamina

c

Which of the following makes it necessary for animal cells, although they have no cell walls, to have intercellular junctions?

A) Cell membranes do not distinguish the types of ions and molecules passing through them.

B) Large molecules, especially proteins, do not readily get through one, much less two adjacent cell membranes

C) Cell-to-cell communication requires physical attachment of one cell to another.

D) Maintenance of connective tissue shape requires cells to adhere to one another.

E) The relative shapelessness of animal cells requires a mechanism for keeping the cells aligned.

d

Which statement correctly characterizes bound ribosomes?

A) Bound ribosomes are enclosed in their own membrane.

B) Bound and free ribosomes are structurally different.

C) Bound ribosomes generally synthesize membrane proteins and secretory proteins.

D) The most common location for bound ribosomes is the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane

E) All of the above

c

Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system?

A) nuclear envelope

B) chloroplast

C) Golgi apparatus

D) plasma membrane

E) ER

b

Which is one of the main energy transformers of cells?

A) lysosome

B) vacuole

C) mitochondrion

D) Golgi apparatus

E) peroxisome

c

A biologist is studying kidney tubules in small mammals. She wants specifically to examine the juxtaposition of different types of cells in these structures. The cells in question can be distinguished by external shape, size, and 3-dimensional characteristics. Which would be the optimum method for her study?

A) transmission electron microscopy

B) cell fractionation

C) light microscopy using stains specific to kidney function

D) light microscopy using living unstained material

E) scanning electron microscopy

e

All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except

A) DNA.

B) a cell wall.

C) a plasma membrane.

D) ribosomes.

eE) an endoplasmic reticulum.

Why isn't the mitochondrion classified as part of the endomembrane system?

A) It only has two membrane layers.

B) Its structure is not derived from the ER.

C) It has too many vesicles.

D) It is not involved in protein synthesis.

E) It is not attached to the outer nuclear envelope.

b

Which of the following are capable of converting light energy to chemical energy.

A) chloroplasts

B) mitochondria

C) leucoplasts

D) peroxisomes

E) Golgi bodies

a

Which of the following contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen?

A) lysosome

B) vacuole

C) mitochondrion

D) Golgi apparatus

E) peroxisome

e

Which of the following contains its own DNA and ribosomes? A) lysosome B) vacuole C) mitochondrion D) Golgi apparatus E) peroxisome

c

In the fractionation of homogenized cells using centrifugation, the primary factor that determines whether a specific cellular component ends up in the supernatant or the pellet is

A) the relative solubility of the component.

B) the size and weight of the component.

C) the percentage of carbohydrates in the component.

D) the number of enzymes in the fraction.

E) the presence or absence of lipids in the component.

b

The use of light microscopy over electron microscopy is that

A) A light microscope provides for higher magnification than electron microscopy.

B) A light microscope provides for higher resolving power than electron microscopy.

C) Light microscopy allows one to view dynamic processes in living cells.

D) B and C

E) A and C

c

When biologists want to study the internal ultrastructure of cells, they most likely would use

A) a cell microscope

B) a scanning electron microscope

C) a transmission electron microscope

D) B and C

E) A and C

c

The fact that the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope has bound ribosomes allows one to most reliably conclude that

A) at least some of the proteins that function in the nuclear envelope are made by the ribosomes on the nuclear envelope.

B) the nuclear envelope is not part of the endomembrane system.

C) the nuclear envelope is physically contiguous with the endoplasmic reticulum.

D) small vesicles from the Golgi fuse with the nuclear envelope.

E) nuclear pore complexes contain proteins.

c

Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?

A) lysosome B) vacuole C) mitochondrion D) Golgi apparatus E) peroxisome

d

Organelles other than the nucleus that contain DNA include

A) ribosomes B) mitochondria C) chloroplasts D) B and C only E) A, B, and C

d

The volume enclosed by the plasma membrane of plant cells is often much larger than the corresponding volume in animal cells. The most reasonable explanation for this observation is that

A) plant cells are capable of having a much higher surface-to-volume ratio than animal cells.

B) plant cells have a much more highly convoluted (folded) plasma membrane than animal cells.

C) plant cells contain a large vacuole that reduces the volume of the cytoplasm.

D) animal cells are photosynthetic, while plant cells are elongated.

E) the basic functions of plant cells are very different from those of animal cells.

c

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?

A) fat B) glycogen C) protein D) cellulose E) nucleic acids

c

Which of the following is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids?

A) lysosome B) vacuole C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum D) mitochondrion E) peroxisome

c

Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?

A) lysosome B) vacuole C) mitochondrion D) Golgi apparatus E) peroxisome

d

Which of the following contains hydrolytic enzymes?

A) lysosome B) vacuole C) mitochondrion D) Golgi apparatus E) peroxisome

a

Which of the following is a compartment that often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?

A) lysosome B) vacuole C) mitochondrion D) Golgi apparatus E) peroxisome

b

All of the following molecules and structures, enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria, could be a cell from A) a bacterium

B) an animal but not a plant

C) a plant but not an animal

D) a plant or an animal

E) any kind of organism

d

Where does the Calvin Cycle take place?

A. Thylakoid membrane B. Stroma of the chloroplast C. Mitochondria D. Cytoplasm

b

What is the main purpose of the Calvin Cycle?

A. Split water molecules B. Produce oxygen C. Convert carbon dioxide into glucose D. Absorb sunlight

c

What molecule is fixed (used) during the Calvin Cycle?

A. Oxygen B. Water C. Carbondioxide D. NADH

c

What enzyme is responsible for fixing carbon dioxide in the Calvin Cycle?

A. ATP synthase B. Rubisco C. NADP+ reductase D. Cytochrome b6f

b

Which two energy-carrying molecules from the light-dependent reactions are used in the Calvin Cycle?

A. Glucose and Oxygen B. ATP and NADPH C. CO2 and H2O D. Rubisco and G3P

b

What is G3P?

A. A type of enzyme B. A sugar used to make glucose C. A pigment D. A waste product

b

The Calvin Cycle is also known as the:

A. Citric Acid Cycle

B. Light Reaction

C. Dark Reaction or Light-Independent Reaction

D. Electron Transport Chain

c