AP Psych Parts of Stuff Stuff :/

iA we all get 4s and 5s

Brainstem

responsible for automatic survival functions; made of the hypothalamus, pons, thalamus, medulla, reticular formation, cerebellum

Reticular Formation

a nerve network that plays a role in controlling arousal

Thalamus

sensory switchboard

Hypothalamus

AKA rewards center...maintenance activities: eating, drinking, body and temperature;
it governs the endocrine system via the pituitary gland and is linked to emotion

Medulla

heartbeat and breathing

Cerebellum

voluntary movement and balance

Limbic System

associated with emotions and drives

Hippocampus

part of the limbic system; involved in memory

amygdala

part of the limbic system; linked to emotion, especially fear and anger

Cerebral cortex

ultimate control & information processing center; it is what distinguishes us from animals

Glial cells

support, nourish & protect neurons; make up the cerebral cortex

Association Areas

parts of the cerebral cortex not involved in primary motor or sensory functions; involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking & speaking

Temporal Lobe

auditory areas

Parietal Lobe

includes sensory cortex

Occipital Lobe

visual areas, receives visual information from the opposite fields

Frontal lobe

speaking, muscle movements, plans & judgements

Motor Cortex

controls voluntary movements at the back of the frontal lobe

Sensory Cortex

registers and processes body sensation

Broca's Area

in the frontal lobe, in the left hemisphere; directs muscle movements involved in speech

Wernicke's area

In the left temporal lobe; involved in language comprehension and expression

Angular Gyrus

ability to read, controls word transformations into auditory code

Pons

contains centers for the control of vital processes, including respiration and cardiovascular functions. It also is involved in the coordination of eye movements and balance.

I'm about to take a test and must become focused. What part(s) of the brain would be involved?

reticular formation

Rebecca has always been afraid of spiders. Whenever she sees one or even remembers seeing one, her heartbeat increases, her breathing quickens and she immediately runs. What part(s) of the brain are active?

Brainstem, Pons, Reticular Formation, Motor Cortex, Frontal Lobe, Hippocampus, Association Areas, Cerebellum, Medulla, Brainstem, Glial Cells, Cerebral Cortex, Amygdala, Thalamus, Occipital Lobe

Jake is afraid of jumping out of a plane. What part of the limbic system is active?

Amygdala

What makes up the cerebral cortex?

Glial Cells

Jennifer has to remember all of the capitols, make a speech, and learn and think about this morning's math equation. What part of the brain is she most likely using?

The Association Areas

Outer Ear

Contains the auricle (visible part of your ear) and ear canal (tube leading inwards)

Collects and funnels sound

Eardrum

Extremely thin membrane of skin that separates the outer and middle ear

Reverberates and triggers activity in the middle ear in response to sound waves

Middle Ear

"Mechanical" section of the ear that contains the opening to the eustachian tube

Converts vibrations of the eardrum into sound

Inner Ear

Fluid-filled space containing the cochlea and semicircular canals

Functions for both hearing and balance

Central Auditory Pathways (CAP)

Neural pathways vital to the brain's ability to process sound

Transmits information to different parts of the brain

Sclera

white part of the eye, protects the eyeball

Pupil

black dot at the center of the eye, is an opening through which light can enter the eye

Iris

coloured part of the eye, surrounds the pupil. It controls how much light enters the eye by changing the size of the pupil

Cornea

clear window at the front of the eye, covers the iris and the pupil

Lens

located behind the pupil, focuses light onto the retina at the back of the eye

Retina

a light-sensitive inner lining at the back of the eye. Ten different layers of cells work together in the ______ to detect light and turn it into electrical impulses.

Cones

Help us see color

Rods

Allow us to see in poor lighting and give us our night vision

Synapse

Each dendrite's end is a contact point that allows one neuron to connect with another. These contact points are called…

Neuron

sends electrical impulses and chemical signals to and from the brain.

Axon

a long, narrow connecting line that snakes away from the cell body to send electrical impulses to other neurons

Dendrites

look like tree branches, collect information to bring back to the neuron

Myelin sheath

an insulating layer, or sheath that forms around nerves (wrapped around axon)

Glial Cells

referred to as "nerve glue" because they provide connectivity between neurons to allow for the movement of information

Central Nervous System

brain and spinal chord, body's decision maker

Peripheral Nervous System

gathers info from body and sends CNS decisions

Sensory Neurons

carry information in from the body to the CNS

Motor Neurons

sends information out from CNS to body tissue

Internerouns

processes information between motor and sensory

Autonomic Nervous System

controls glands and muscles of the internal organs

Somatic Nervous System

controls the body's skeletal muscles

sympathetic nervous system

arouses the body, part of the autonomic

parasympathetic nervous system

calms the body, part of the autonomic

what happens during sympathetic?

eyes dilate, mouth salivates, heartbeat accelerates, more breathing, ejaculation, sweaty palms

what happens during parasympathetic

eyes contract, dry mouth, slow heartbeat, breath slowly

endocrine system

a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

hormones

chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through bloodstream.

hypothalamus

brain region controlling the pituitary gland, several maintenance activities

pituitary gland

secretes many different hormones, some of which affect other glands, regulates growth

thyroid gland

affects metabolism

parathyroids

helps to regulate the level of calcium in the blood

adrenal glands

help arouse body in times of stress, trigger fight or flight response

pancreas

regulates the level of sugar in blood

testis

secretes male sex hormone

ovaries

secretes female sex hormone

pineal gland

Produces melatonin