GE2406 Handout 1: Key Terms in Globalization, Education, and Healthcare

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key globalization concepts, education, and healthcare themes from the notes.

Globalization

Worldwide interconnection and interdependence of nations, communities, and economies; includes political interdependence, technical progress, cultural interchange, and economic integration.

Cultural Exchange and Understanding

Education encourages cross-cultural communication and understanding as well as an awareness of variety. People may overcome cultural barriers and foster tolerance and mutual.

Economic Integration

Movement of capital, technology, products, and services across borders; seen in global supply networks, multinational firms, and trade agreements.

Cultural Exchange

Sharing of beliefs, customs, and ideas across cultures; exposure to languages, music, art, and cuisines beyond borders; may affect local cultural preservation.

Technological Advancements

Acceleration of globalization due to innovations in communication (e.g., social media, Internet) and transportation (e.g., air travel, shipping).

Political Interdependence

International organizations and agreements formed to address issues like trade disputes, terrorism, and climate change.

Human Capital Development

Education and training that prepare individuals to participate effectively in the global economy and promote development.

Language Proficiency

Ability to learn and use multiple languages; enhances intercultural communication and teamwork.

Global Citizenship Education

Education that develops empathy, social responsibility, and critical thinking for involvement in international affairs and global justice.

Research and Innovation

Education-driven creation of knowledge and new ideas; higher education institutions act as centers of discovery with global impact.

Internationalization of Education

Increased cross-border mobility of researchers and students, collaborative research, and transnational education initiatives.

Role of Education in Globalization

Education builds human capital, supports cross-cultural dialogue and language skills, and fosters global citizenship and innovation.

Inequality

Globalization can widen disparities in access to education within and across nations. While some areas gain from easier access to opportunities and resources, others confront major obstacles such as lack of infrastructure, finance, and skilled instructors.

Cultural Homogenization

Globalized education and curricula can erode local identities and indigenous knowledge.

Standardization vs Localization

Tension between global benchmarks and adapting education to local needs and cultures.

Digital Divide

Gap between those with access to digital technologies and those without, affecting learning opportunities.

Skill Mismatch

Discrepancy between skills taught in schools and those demanded by the labor market.

Privatization and Commercialization of Education

Rise of for-profit schools, standardized testing firms, and ed-tech providers; potential risks to quality and equality.

Brain Drain

Migration of highly educated people across borders, potentially causing skill shortages at home.

Language Barriers

Dominant languages can marginalize minority languages and cultures in global communication.

National Education Crisis (Philippines)

Systemic problems (funding, curricula, access, quality) hindering high-quality education in the Philippines.

Inadequate Funding

Persistent underfunding leading to overcrowded classrooms, few resources, and poor teacher pay/training.

Outdated Curricula

Curricula that emphasize memorization over critical thinking and 21st‑century skills.

Unequal Access to Education

Gaps in access between rural/urban areas and among disadvantaged groups.

Quality of Instruction

Variability in teaching quality due to resources, training, and learning environments; linked to policy critiques like mass promotion.

No Child Left Behind (Policy)

Policy criticized for promoting mass promotion and not ensuring adequate student learning.

Increase Funding (Recommendation)

Prioritize education in national budgets to improve infrastructure, teacher quality, and outcomes.

Curricular Reform (Recommendation)

Update curricula to reflect 21st‑century skills, digital literacy, creativity.

Equitable Access to Education (Recommendation)

Policies to reduce inequities by improving infrastructure, scholarships, and rural support.

Access to Medical Technologies

Globalization expands access to medical tech and cross-border exchange, including telemedicine and imaging.

Health Tourism and Cross-Border Healthcare

Patients travel abroad for care; specialized facilities and tourism stimulate healthcare economy.

Health Inequalities and Global Health Governance

Disparities in health outcomes; need for governance structures to address pandemics, resistance, privatization effects.

Teacher Training and Support

Investing in professional development to improve teaching quality and educator well-being.

Ethical Considerations and Health Equity

Issues of justice, human rights, and fair access to health amid globalization; pursuit of universal coverage and addressing social determinants.

Universal Health Coverage

Efforts to ensure access to necessary health services without financial hardship.

Social Determinants of Health

Factors such as education, income, and environment that influence health outcomes.

Global Health Governance

Global collaboration and institutions to monitor, prevent, and respond to health issues worldwide.