The Cell Cycle: Interphase & Mitotic Phase

Prophase

Chromatins condense, DNA compacts, kinetochores assemble on the centromeres, centrosomes move towards opposite sides.

Prometaphase

The nuclear membrane breaks down, and centrosomes bind to the kinetochore via microtubules.

Metaphase

Chromatids align along the center of the cell, creating a distinct appearance.

Anaphase

Separation phase where microtubules shorten and pull chromatids to opposite ends of the cell.

Telophase

The phase where two nuclear membranes form around the separated chromatids.

Interphase

The phase in which the cell prepares for division.

M phase

The mitotic phase where the cell carries out division.

G1 phase

The first gap phase; involves RNA and protein synthesis, biogenesis of mitochondria and lysosomes, and commitment to division.

S phase

The synthesis phase; DNA is replicated, resulting in sister chromatids and chromatins.

G2 phase

The second gap phase; DNA is checked for errors and repaired.

G0 phase

Quiescent or dormant state of the cell where it is not actively preparing to divide.

Prophase

Chromatins condense, kinetochores assemble, and centrosomes move to opposite sides.

Prometaphase

Break down of the nuclear membrane and binding of centrosomes to the kinetochore.

Metaphase

Chromatids align along the center of the cell.

Anaphase

Microtubules shorten and pull chromatids to opposite ends of the cell.

Telophase

Formation of two nuclear membranes around separated chromatids.

What are the subphases of the M phase?

G1, S, and G2 phases.

G1 phase

RNA and protein synthesis, biogenesis of organelles, and cell commitment to division.

S phase

DNA synthesis and replication of chromatins and sister chromatids.

G2 phase

DNA checking for errors and repair.

G0 phase

A dormant or quiescent state of the cell.

What happens to chromatids in Anaphase?

They are separated and pulled to opposite ends of the cell.

What is the nuclear membrane's status during Prometaphase?

It is broken down.

What compacts during Prophase?

DNA compacts

S phase

DNA is replicated.

G1 phase

The cell engages in RNA and protein synthesis and commits to cell division.

What forms in Telophase?

Two nuclear membranes.

What occurs in the M phase?

The cell undergoes division.

G0 phase

It represents a quiescent state where the cell is not actively dividing.

What is a centrosome’s role in Prometaphase?

Centrosomes bind to the kinetochore via microtubules.

G1 phase

the cell grows while organelles function as usual