Introduction to Ecology

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to ecology.

Ecology

The scientific study of the distribution, abundance, and dynamics of organisms, their interaction with other organisms and their physical environment.

Biosphere

The collection of all biomes, representing the zone of life on Earth.

Habitat

The area in an ecosystem defined by physical and chemical characteristics suitable for supporting the life of a species.

Species/Organism

A group of organisms with shared genes, capable of sexual reproduction to produce fertile offspring.

Native Species

Species that occur naturally in a given environment.

Alien Species

Species introduced to a new environment by human influence.

Invasive Species

Alien species that tend to displace native species.

Population

A group of individuals of a given species living in a specific geographic area.

Community

Populations of species living in a defined area and interacting with each other.

Ecosystem

A biological community interacting with the abiotic components of its habitat.

Biome

A collection of interacting ecosystems defined by broad biophysical characteristics.

Ecological Niche

The role a species plays within its community, including its habitat, food sources, and relationships.

Mutualism

A symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit.

Commensalism

A relationship where one organism benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed.

Parasitism

A relationship where one organism benefits at the expense of another.

Predation

A biological interaction where one organism kills and consumes another.

Competition

The interaction between organisms vying for the same limited resources.

Ecological Succession

The gradual process of change and replacement of the types of species in a community.

Ecosystem Structure

The network of interactions between biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components of the ecosystem.

Ecosystem Services

The benefits provided by ecosystems to humans, including regulating, supporting, provisioning, and cultural services.