Validity of the Bible and Crucifixion of Jesus

how many books are in the OT, NT, and the entire Bibel

OT - 39

NT - 27

Bible - 66

what does the word Tanak refer to

the Hebrew Bible or OT

what are the three categories of the Hebrew Bible

Torah - Law

Nevi’im - Prophets

Ketubium - Writings & Psalms

what gospel is considered the oldest account of Jesus’s life

Mark

why can the dates of the gospels be earlier than the traditionally accepted dates

Luke wrote Acts which ends with Paul under house arrest in Rome. This means it was probably written before Paul’s death in A.D. 62. Acts is considered the second part to Luke, so it Acts was written earlier then Luke had to be written even earlier in the 50s, and Mark had to be written in the 40s. All the dates the gospels were written get pushed up.

explain 3 archaeological finds that support the historicity of the NT

1. Caiaphus Ossuary, the remains of a person in a stone box. It is believed to be Caiaphus because “Yeosef bar Qafa” is inscribed on the side of the box which translates to Joseph son of Caiaphus. This supports the NT because it proves that the High Priest Caiaphus, who was involved in the trial of Jesus, was a real person.

2. The Crucified Man, full skeletal remains of a 1st century that was crucified. This proves crucifixion was a means of punishment in NT times.

3. The Pilate Stone, a limestone block bearing an inscription that mentions Pilate. This confirms the existence of Pilate as a Roman prefect during the time of Jesus’s crucifixion.

explain 2 archaeological finds that support the historicity of the OT

1. The ruins and tablets of Ugarit, it is a temple filled with ancient tablets with a cousin language to Hebrew and it was dedicated to Ba’al.

2. The seal of Baruch, a fossilized seal from the 6th century B.C. that reads Baruch, son of Neriah, the scribe.

what is the acronym used to determine the authenticity of the Bible

M - manuscripts

A - archeology

P - prophecy

S - statistics

what does each letter in the acronym B.E.E stand for

B - bibliography

E - eyewitnesses

E - external evidence

what work is the second most circulated and copied after the NT

Iliad

how many manuscripts copies do we have of the NT

25,000+

what are the traditional dates the gospel were thought to be written

Mark: A.D. 50-60s

Matthew: A.D. 60-70s

Luke: A.D. 60-70s

John A.D. 90s

when Jesus says “I am the good shepherd,” what sort of language is he using

metaphorical

the accounts in Genesis 1 & 2 seem to be contradictory, what does math professor Satyan Devadoss state about the contradictory claims

They are theologically ordered rather than chronologically ordered. The paradoxical accounts can help us to understand the Bible at a deeper level.

how can Jesus says that He is the “Good Shepherd” and the “Lamb of God” and how can He be both

He is using metaphorical language to describe different aspect of his nature. He makes this parafox so they we can understand his teachings better.

what did Rabbis routinely do to spread their message

repeated their teachings and used oral traditions

what order are events often recorded in in the gospels

theological

what does Bart Ehrman acknowledge about the historical validity of the gospels

they are the oldest and best sources on the life of Jesus

what Roman Emperor does Jesus have more manuscript evidence for

Tiberius

what does Richard Bauckham argue that the differences in the named witnesses in the gospels actually demonstrate

the gospels authenticity and independence because the accounts are not all from the same source

why would the gospels have been embarrassing to first church leaders and how does validate the gospels

embarrassing details that you wouldn’t put in the story if it was made up like the denial of Jesus, Peter’s denial, doubting Thomas, and women finding the tomb

the gospel writings were being bound together as a collection as early as which century

2nd century

what is the medical condition where one experiences so much stress and anxiety that one begins to sweat blood

hematidrosis

what does hypovolemic shock means

hypo - low

vol - volume

emic - blood

together - low blood volume

what are the effects of hypovolemic shock on the body

1. heart races to pump blood that is not there

2. blood pressure drops causing faint or collapse

3. kidney stops producing urine to maintain what volume is left

4. body becomes very thirsty causing water to replace lost blood volume

5. the body goes into critical condition

how many lashes did a Roman flogging consist of

39

true or false: the Roman flogging was unbelievably brutal and most prisoners did not survive

true

what was the horizontal beam of the cross called

patibulum

how long were the nails used to nail prisoners to the cross

5-7 inches

what word was invented to describe the pain one endured on the cross

excrutiating - on the cross

what caused prisoners who were crucified to die a slow death

asphyxiation

what would the slow breathing that one would experience on the cross lead to

respiratory acidosis

what is the likely cause of Jesus’s death

cardiac arrest

where was Jesus buried

the tomb of Joseph of Arimethea

true or false: there are no legitimate modern scholars that attest to the theory the body was stolen

true

ture or false: the unanimous testimony that the empty tomb was discovered by women argues for the authenticity of resurrection

true

what does scholars believe about the simplicity of Mark’s account

it makes it easier and more credible to believe the tomb was empty because it is simple and straightforward