Physical Science Chapter 1

A generalized mental image of an object is a

Concept

Which of the following is the best example of the use of a referent?

Big as a dump truck

A well-defined and agreed-upon referent used as a standard in all systems of measurement is called a

Unit

The system of measurement based on referents in nature, but not with respect to human body parts, is the

metric system

A process of comparing a property to a well-defined and agreed-upon referent is called a

Measurement

One of the following is NOT considered to be a fundamental property

weight

How much space something occupies is described by its

volume

The relationship between two numbers that is usually obtained by dividing one number by the other is called a

ratio

The ratio of mass per volume of a substance is called its

density

After identifying the appropriate equation, the next step in correctly solving a problem is to

Solve the equation for the variable in question

Suppose a problem situation describes a speed in km/h and a length in m. What conversion should you do before substituting quantities for symbols? convert

km/h to m/s

An equation describes a relationship where

The numbers and units on both sides are equal

The equation p=m/v is a statement that

describes a property

measurement info that is used to describe something is called

data

If you consider a very small portion of a material that is the same throughout, the density of the small sample will be

the same

the symbol of a triangle has a meaning of

the change in

a model is

all of the above models are correct

the use of a referent in describing a property always implies

a comparison with a similar property of another object

A 5km span is the same as how many meters?

5,000m

One-half liter of water is the same volume as

500cm³

Which of the following is NOT a measurement?

120

What happens to the surface-area-to-volume ratio as the volume of a cube becomes larger?

it decreases

If one variable increases in value while a second, related variable decreases in value, the relationship is said to be

inverse

what is needed to change a proportionality statement into an equation?

include a proportionality constant

A proportionality constant

might or might not have a unit

A scientific investigation provides understanding through

experimental evidence

Statements describing how nature is observed to behave consistently, time after time, are called scientific

laws

A controlled experiment comparing two situations has all identical influencing factors except the

experimental variable

In general, scientific investigations have which activities in common?

collect observations, develop explanations, test explanations

quantities, or measured properties, that are capable of changing values are called

variables

A proportional relationship that is represented by the symbols a (Is proportional to symbol) 1/b represents which of the following relationships?

inverse proportion

A hypothesis concerned with a specific phenomenon is found to be acceptable through many experiments over a long period of time. This hypothesis usually becomes known as

scientific law

A scientific law can be expressed as

all of the above

The symbol that looks like a Christian fish has the meaning of

is proportional to

which of the following symbols represents a measured property of the compactness of matter?

p

a candle with a certain weight melts in an oven, and the resulting weight of the wax is

the same

An ice cube with a certain volume melts, and the resulting volume of water is

less

Compare the density of ice to the density of water. The Density of ice is

less

A beverage glass is filled to the brim with ice-cold water (0 C) and ice cubes. Some of the ice cubes are floating above the water level. When the ice melts, the water in the glass will

stay at the same level

What is the proportional relationship between the volume of juice in a cup and the time the juice dispenser has been running?

direct

What is the proportional relationship between the number of cookies in the cookie jar and the time you have been eating the cookies?

inverse

A movie projector makes a 1 m by 1 m image when projecting 1 m from a screen, a 2 m by 2 m image when projecting 2 m from the screen, and a 3 m by 3 m image when projecting 3 m from a screen. What is the proportional relationship between the distance from the screen and the area of the image?

square

A movie projector makes a 1 m by 1 m image when projecting 1m from a screen, a 2m by 2m image when projecting 2m from a screen and so forth. What is the proportional relationship between the distance from the screen and the intensity of the light falling on the screen?

inverse square

According to the scientific method, what needs to be done to move beyond conjecture or simple hypotheses in a person’s understanding of his or her physical surroundings?

Conduct a controlled experiment