Functional Anatomy Exam 6

What muscles perform hip flexion?

Iliopsoas, pectineus, rectus femoris, sartorius, and tensor fascia latae

What muscles perform hip extension?

Biceps femoris, gluteus maximus, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus

What muscles perform hip abduction?

Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, sartorius, and tensor fascia latae

What muscles perform hip adduction?

Adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, gracilis, and pectineus

What muscles perform hip internal rotation?

Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

What muscles perform hip external rotation?

Gluteus maximus and sartorius

What muscles perform knee flexion?

Biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, gracilis, plantaris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus

What muscles perform knee extension?

Rectus femoris, sartorius, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis

What muscle performs knee internal rotation?

Popliteus

What muscle performs toe flexion?

Flexor digitorum longus

What muscle performs toe extension?

Extensor digitorum longus

What muscle performs great toe flexion?

Flexor hallucis longus

What muscle performs great toe extension?

Extensor hallucis longus

What muscles perform ankle inversion?

Tibialis posterior, tibialis anterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, and extensor hallucis longus

What muscles perform ankle eversion?

Peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, and peroneus tertius

What muscles perform plantarflexion?

Gastrocnemius, plantaris, soleus, tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, peroneus longus, and peroneus brevis

What muscles perform dorsiflexion?

Tibialis anterior, peroneus tertius, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus

Iliopsoas

O: iliac fossa (iliacus) and transverse processes, bodies, and discs of T12-L5 (psoas major). I: lesser trochanter. A: hip flexion

Rectus Femoris

O: anterior inferior iliac spine. I: tibial tuberosity. A: hip flexion and knee extension

Sartorius

O: anterior superior iliac spine. I: pes anserine. A: hip flexion, hip abduction, hip external rotation, and knee extension

Pectineus

O: superior ramus of pubis. I: pectineal line of femur. A: hip flexion and adduction

Adductor Longus

O: anterior pubis. I: middle third of linea aspera. A: hip adduction

Adductor Brevis

O: inferior ramus of pubis. I: pectineal line and proximal linea aspera. A: hip adduction

Adductor Magnus

O: ischial tuberosity, inferior ramus of pubis, and ramus of ischium. I: linea aspera and adductor tubercle. A: hip adduction

Gracilis

O: symphysis and inferior ramus of pubis. I: pes anserine. A: hip adduction and knee flexion

Gluteus Maximus

O: posterior sacrum, coccyx, and ilium. I: posterior superior femur. A: hip extension and hip external rotation

Gluteus Medius

O: lateral iliac crest. I: lateral superior greater trochanter. A: hip abduction and hip internal rotation

Gluteus Minimus

O: lateral surface of ilium. I: anterior greater trochanter. A: hip abduction and hip internal rotation

How many deep rotator muscles are in the hip?

6

What are the three hamstring muscles?

Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and biceps femoris

Semimembranosus

O: ischial tuberosity. I: posterior medial condyle of tibia. A: hip extension and knee flexion

Semitendinosus

O: ischial tuberosity. I: pes anserine. A: hip extension and knee flexion

Biceps Femoris

O: ischial tuberosity and lateral linea aspera. I: head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia. A: hip extension and knee flexion

Tensor Fascia Latae

O: anterior superior iliac spine. I: iliotibial band to lateral condyle of tibia (Gerdy’s tubercle). A: hip flexion and hip abduction

What are the four quadriceps muscles?

Vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris

Vastus Lateralis

O: lateral linea aspera. I: tibial tuberosity. A: knee extension

Vastus Medialis

O: medial linea aspera. I: tibial tuberosity. A: knee extension

Vastus Intermedius

O: anterior femur. I: tibial tuberosity. A: knee extension

Gastrocnemius

O: posterior medial and lateral condyles of femur. I: calcaneus. A: knee flexion and plantarflexion

Popliteus

O: posterior lateral condyle of femur. I: posterior medial condyle of tibia. A: knee internal rotation

Plantaris

O: lateral supracondylar ridge of femur. I: calcaneus. A: knee flexion and plantarflexion

What are the lower leg muscle compartments?

Superficial posterior, deep posterior, anterior, and lateral

Soleus

O: posterior interosseus membrane, tibia, and fibula. I: calcaneus. A: plantarflexion

Tibialis Posterior

O: interosseous membrane, tibia, and fibula. I: navicular and most tarsals and metatarsals. A: plantarflexion and inversion

Flexor Hallucis Longus

O: posterior fibula and interosseous membrane. I: plantar base of phalanx of great toe. A: plantarflexion, inversion, and great toe flexion

Flexor Digitorum Longus

O: posterior tibia. I: distal phalanx of lesser 4 toes. A: plantarflexion, inversion, and toe flexion

Tibialis Anterior

O: proximal lateral tibia and interosseous membrane. I: first cuneiform and metatarsal. A: dorsiflexion and inversion

Extensor Hallucis Longus

O: proximal anterior fibula and interosseous membrane. I: dorsum of base of distal phalanx of great toe. A: dorsiflexion, inversion, and great toe extension

Extensor Digitorum Longus

O: proximal anterior fibula, interosseous membrane, and anterior lateral condyle of tibia. I: dorsum of base of distal phalanx of 4 lesser toes. A: dorsiflexion and toe extension

Peroneus Longus

O: head of fibula and interosseous membrane. I: plantar surface of medial cuneiform and first metatarsal. A: plantarflexion and eversion

Peroneus Brevis

O: middle lateral fibula. I: base of 5th metatarsal. A: plantarflexion and eversion

Peroneus Tertius

O: distal medial fibula and interosseous membrane. I: base of 5th metatarsal. A: dorsiflexion and eversion

What action do the 6 deep rotator muscles do?

External rotation

Where does the iliotibial band insert?

Gerdy’s tubercle