AP World History Unit 1.1

Confucianism

Official state philosophy promoting hierarchical society and filial piety.

Filial Piety

Honoring ancestors, parents, and the emperor, central to Confucianism.

Neo-Confucianism

Revival during Song Dynasty, blending Confucianism with ideas from Buddhism and Taoism.

Hierarchical Society

Confucian belief in unequal relationships, justifying societal functioning.

Subordination of Women

Women's subordinate position in Confucian hierarchy, expected to serve men.

Footbinding

Demonstration of extreme female subordination in Chinese society.

Imperial Bureaucracy

Expanded to administer laws and maintain social order.

Civil Service Examinations

Tests on Confucian texts for bureaucratic jobs, reinforcing ideology.

Confucian Meritocracy

Bureaucratic positions awarded based on testing and merit, not family connections.

Cultural Influence on Korea

Korea's adoption of Chinese culture and civil service exams due to tributary relationship with Song Dynasty.

Cultural Influence on Japan

Japan's adoption of Chinese bureaucracy, Buddhism, and writing system.

Cultural Influence on Vietnam

Vietnam's adoption of aspects of Chinese culture due to tributary relationship with China.

Introduction of Buddhism to China

Spread during Han Dynasty, emphasizing Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path.

Features borrowed from Hinduism

Incorporation of karma and rebirth from Hinduism into Buddhism.

Branches of Buddhism

Theravada, Mahayana, and Tibetan Buddhism emphasizing different aspects.

Role of Buddhism in Song Dynasty China

Influence alongside Confucianism, development of Chan/Zen Buddhism.

Song Dynasty Economy

Economic prosperity, iron and steel production, agricultural and transportation innovations.

Causes of Economic Prosperity

Widespread commercialization, iron and steel production, agricultural and transportation innovations.

Effects of Economic Prosperity

Doubled agricultural output, increased trade among regions.

Commercialization

Widespread production and sale of goods, use of paper money, credit, and promissory notes.

Champa Rice

Drought-resistant rice harvested twice per year, doubling agricultural output.

Grand Canal

Linked economic regions, improving transportation and trade.

Magnetic Compass

Improved water navigation, contributing to increased regional trade and prosperity.

Buddhism in Vietnam

Vietnam's conception of a female Buddha, higher view of women, and rejection of foot binding.