Energy Balance and Body Composition Module 7

These flashcards cover essential terms and concepts related to energy balance, body composition, and obesity as discussed in Module 7.

Energy Balance

The relationship between calories consumed and calories expended.

Total Energy Expenditure

The total number of calories burned by the body through basal metabolic rate, physical activity, and thermic effect of food.

BMI (Body Mass Index)

A measure of weight relative to height, used to assess whether a person is underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese.

Lean Body Mass

The weight of everything in the body except fat, including muscles, bones, and organs.

Essential Fat

The minimum amount of body fat necessary for basic physical and physiological health.

Set Point Theory

The theory that the body has a predetermined weight range that it tries to maintain.

Leptin

A hormone released by fat cells that signals the brain to regulate food intake and energy balance.

Ghrelin

A hunger-stimulating hormone produced by the stomach that signals hunger.

Adipocytes

Specialized cells that store fat in the body.

Visceral Fat

Fat stored around internal organs, associated with higher health risks.

Subcutaneous Fat

Fat located beneath the skin, typically less associated with health risks compared to visceral fat.

Caloric Intake

The total number of calories consumed from food and beverages.

Caloric Expenditure

The total number of calories burned by the body through various activities.

Obesity

A condition characterized by excess body fat, typically defined by a BMI of 30 or above.

Osteoporosis

A disease characterized by decreased bone mass and density, leading to increased fracture risk.

Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)

The energy expended by the body to digest, absorb, and metabolize nutrients from food.

Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT)

The energy expended for daily activities excluding sleeping, eating, and sports-like exercise.