AP Psychology Unit 5: Mental and Physical Health in Psychology

full-widthCall Kai
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
GameKnowt Play
Card Sorting

1/78

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

79 Terms

1

Positive Psychology

the scientific study of human functioning, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive

2

Psychological Disorders

Conditions characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

3

Distress

Negative stress that can lead to physical or mental health issues.

4

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)

Traumatic events occurring before the age of 18 that can impact health and well-being.

5

Stress

A response to perceived threats or challenges that can affect behavior and mental processes.

6

Hypertension

High blood pressure, often linked to stress and health issues.

7

Immune Suppression

Reduced effectiveness of the immune system, often due to stress.

8

Eustress

Positive stress that can motivate and enhance performance.

9

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

Selye's concept of the body's adaptive response to stress in three phases—alarm, resistance, exhaustion.

10

Tend-and-Befriend Theory

A behavioral response to stress that involves seeking social support.

11

Catharsis

The process of releasing and thereby providing relief from strong or repressed emotions.

12

External Locus of Control

The belief that outcomes are determined by external factors.

13

Internal Locus of Control

The belief that outcomes are determined by one's own actions.

14

Problem-Focused Coping

Coping strategy aimed at addressing the problem causing stress.

15

Emotion-Focused Coping

Coping strategy aimed at managing emotional responses to stress.

16

Meditation

A practice to focus the mind and achieve a mentally clear and emotionally calm state.

17

Learned Helplessness

A condition resulting from the perception that one has no control over their situation.

18

Resilience

The ability to recover quickly from difficulties.

19

Subjective Well-Being

Personal assessment of overall happiness and life satisfaction.

20

Broaden-and-Build Theory

Theory suggesting that positive emotions broaden thought processes and build resources.

21

Posttraumatic Growth

Positive psychological change experienced as a result of adversity.

22

Diagnostic Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

A standardized classification of mental disorders used by mental health professionals.

23

World Health Organization

An international public health agency responsible for coordinating health-related efforts.

24

International Classification of Mental Disorders (ICD)

A system used to classify and diagnose mental disorders globally.

25

Stigma

Negative societal attitudes towards individuals with psychological disorders.

26

Eclectic Approach

A therapeutic approach that integrates multiple psychological perspectives.

27

Sociocultural Perspective

A viewpoint that examines how social and cultural factors influence psychological disorders.

28

Behavioral Perspective

A psychological approach that focuses on observable behaviors and their modification.

29

Psychodynamic Perspective

An approach that emphasizes unconscious processes and childhood experiences in understanding behavior.

30

Biological Perspective

A viewpoint that attributes psychological disorders to biological factors, such as genetics and neurochemistry.

31

Humanistic Perspective

An approach that emphasizes personal growth and the concept of self-actualization.

32

Cognitive Perspective

A psychological approach that focuses on mental processes such as thinking and memory.

33

Maladaptive Thoughts

Cognitive patterns that are harmful or counterproductive to an individual's mental health.

34

Medical Model

A framework that views psychological disorders as medical conditions that can be diagnosed and treated.

35

Biopsychosocial Model

An integrative model that considers biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding health and illness.

36

Diathesis-Stress Model

A psychological theory that explains the onset of disorders as the result of genetic predisposition and environmental stressors.

37

Epigenetics

The study of how environmental factors can influence gene expression and contribute to psychological disorders.

38

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

A group of disorders that affect the development of the nervous system, impacting cognitive and emotional functioning.

39

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

40

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

A neurodevelopmental disorder that affects communication and behavior, often characterized by restricted interests and repetitive behaviors.

41

Schizophrenic Spectrum Disorders

A range of disorders characterized by distortions in thinking, perception, emotions, language, and sense of self.

42

Delusions

False beliefs that are strongly held despite evidence to the contrary, often seen in schizophrenia.

43

Hallucinations

Sensory experiences that occur without an external stimulus, commonly associated with schizophrenia.

44

Bipolar Disorders

Mood disorders characterized by alternating periods of mania and depression.

45

Major Depressive Disorder

A mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest.

46

Culture-Bound Anxiety Disorder

Anxiety disorders that are specific to certain cultural contexts and may manifest differently across cultures.

47

Phobias

An excessive and irrational fear of a specific object, situation, or activity.

48

Agoraphobia

An anxiety disorder characterized by an intense fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult.

49

Ataque de Nervios

A culturally specific syndrome characterized by intense emotional distress, often associated with a stressful event.

50

Social Anxiety Disorder

A chronic mental health condition characterized by an intense fear of social situations.

51

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

A disorder characterized by excessive, uncontrollable worry about various aspects of life.

52

Panic Disorder

An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and unexpected panic attacks.

53

Panic Attacks

Sudden periods of intense fear or discomfort that peak within minutes, accompanied by physical symptoms.

54

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

A mental disorder characterized by persistent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions).

55

Obsessions

Recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are experienced as intrusive and unwanted.

56

Compulsions

Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession.

57

Dissociative Amnesia

A disorder characterized by an inability to recall important personal information, usually related to trauma.

58

Dissociative Disorders

A group of disorders characterized by a disruption in the normal integration of consciousness, memory, identity, or perception.

59

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

A severe form of dissociation characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states.

60

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A mental health condition triggered by experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event.

61

Insomnia

A sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking up too early.

62

Emotional Detachment

A state where an individual feels disconnected from their emotions or the emotions of others.

63

Hypervigilance

An enhanced state of sensory sensitivity accompanied by an exaggerated intensity of behaviors whose purpose is to detect threats.

64

Flashbacks

Involuntary re-experiencing of a past traumatic event, often accompanied by intense emotional distress.

65

Feeding and Eating Disorders

A group of disorders characterized by persistent disturbances in eating behavior and related thoughts and emotions.

66

Anorexia Nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image.

67

Bulimia Nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging to prevent weight gain.

68

Personality Disorders

A group of mental disorders characterized by enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience.

69

Therapeutic Alliance

The collaborative relationship between a therapist and a client, which is essential for effective therapy.

70

Biomedical Therapies

Treatments that focus on the biological aspects of mental disorders, often involving medication.

71

Psychotherapy

A treatment method that involves talking with a trained mental health professional to address emotional and psychological issues.

72

Psychotropic Medication

Drugs that affect mood, perception, or behavior, used to treat mental health disorders.

73

Deinstitutionalization

The process of reducing the population of mental health hospitals by providing community-based care.

74

Ethical Principles

Guidelines that govern the conduct of professionals in the treatment of psychological disorders.

75

Systematic Desensitization

A behavioral therapy technique used to reduce anxiety by gradually exposing a person to the feared object or situation.

76

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

A type of psychotherapy that helps individuals change unhelpful cognitive distortions and behaviors.

77

Hypnosis

A state of focused attention, heightened suggestibility, and deep relaxation used for therapeutic purposes.

78

Posthypnotic Suggestion

A suggestion made to a person under hypnosis that is intended to be acted upon after the hypnosis session.

79

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

A medical treatment that involves sending small electric currents through the brain to treat severe depression.

Explore top notes

CH. 4: Reaction & Energy
Updated 936d ago
note Note
Chapter 7 - Alkynes
Updated 1198d ago
note Note
Micro-Organismes
Updated 1116d ago
note Note
Analysing Fiction (Edexcel) – English
Updated 219d ago
note Note
Shinto
Updated 211d ago
note Note
1.0: unit one major concepts + review
Updated 1121d ago
note Note
Imperialism Rise in Nationalism • During the French and Industrial Revolution, nationalism continued to inspire nations to increase their political and economic power. • Nationalism became the ideal force in the political, economic, and cultural life in the world, becoming the first universal ideology-organizing all people into a nation state. Nationalism Defined • The strong belief that the interest of a particular nation-state is of primary importance. o Nation-State – a state where the vast majority shares the same culture and is conscious of it. It is an ideal in which cultural boundaries match up with political ones. • As an ideology, it is based on the idea that the individual’s loyalty and devotion to the nation-state surpass other individual/group interests. • Exalting one nation’s belief above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests, excluding the interests of others. Changing the World through a Nationalistic Vision • The French Revolution significantly changed the political world and how countries govern. • The Industrial Revolution significantly changed the economic world. • The Age of Imperialism (1870-1914) dramatically changed the political, economic, and social world. What is Imperialism? • Imperialism- The policy of extending the rule of authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies. Power and influence are done through diplomacy or military force. Reasons for Imperialism • There are 5 main motives for empires to seek to expand their rule over other countries or territories: 1. Exploratory • Imperial nations wanted to explore territory unknown to them. • The main purpose for this exploration of new lands was for resource acquisition, medical or scientific research. o Charles Darwin • Other reasons: o Cartography (map making) o Adventure 2. Ethnocentric • Europeans acted on the concept of ethnocentrism o Ethnocentrism- the belief that one race or nation is superior to others. • Ethnocentrism developed out of Charles Darwin’s “survival of the fittest” theory. Philosophers used the theory to explain why there were superior races and inferior races. o This became known as Social Darwinism. • Most imperial nations believed that their cultural values or beliefs were superior to other nations or groups. • Believed imperial conquest would bring successful culture to inferior people. 3. Religious • Imperial expansion promoted a religious movement of people setting out to convert new members of conquered territories. • With the belief that Christianity was superior, missionaries believed it was their duty to spread Christianity to the world. • Christian missionaries established churches, and in doing so, they spread Western culture values as well. • Typically, missionaries spread the imperial nation's language through education and religious interactions. 4. Political • Patriotism and Nationalism helped spur our imperial growth, thus creating competition against other supremacies. • It was a matter of national pride, respect, and security. • Furthermore, European rivalry spurred nations for imperial conquest. Since land equaled power, the more land a country could acquire the more prestige they could wield across the globe. • Empires wanted strategic territory to ensure access for their navies and armies around the world. • The empire believed they must expand, thus they needed to be defended. 5. Economic • With the Industrial Revolution taking place during the same time, governments and private companies contributed to find ways to maximize profits. • Imperialized countries provided European factories and markets with natural resources (old and new) to manufacture products. • Trading posts were strategically placed around imperialized countries to maximize and increase profits. o Such places as the Suez Canal in Egypt which was controlled by the British provided strategic choke hold over many European powers. o Imperial powers competed over the best potential locations for resources, markets, and trade. History of Imperialism • Ancient Imperialism 600 BCE-500 CE o Roman Empire, Ancient China, Greek Empire, Persian Empire, Babylonian Empire. • Middle Age Imperialism (Age of Colonialism-1400-1800s) o Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Netherlands (Dutch), Russia. • Age of Imperialism 1870-1914 o Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Japan, United States, Ottoman Empire, Russia. • Current Imperialism...? o U.S. Military intervention (i.e. Middle East) o Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine. Imperialism Colonialism • Refers to political or economic control, either legally or illegally. • Refers to where one nation assumes control over the other. • Creating an empire, expanding into neighboring regions and expanding the dominance far outside its borders. • Where a country conquers and rules over other regions for exploiting resources from the conquered country for the conqueror's benefit. • Foreign government controls/governs a territory without significant settlement. • Foreign government controls/governs the territory from within the land being colonized. • Little to no new settlement established on fresh territory. • Movement to settle to fresh territory. Age of Colonialism WHEN? • Started around the late 1400s and ended around the late 1700s/early 1800s. WHY? • Primary Reason: European countries, wished to find a direct trade route to Asia (China & India) and the East Indies. o Quicker and relatively more effective than land routes over Asia. • Secondary Reason: Empire expansion (land power) WHO? • Countries involved: Great Britain, France, Spain, the Dutch & Portugal. • Individuals’ knowns as Mercantilists believed that maintaining imperialized territory and colonizing the region could serve as a source of wealth, while personal motives by rulers, explorers, and missionaries could therefore promote their own agenda. o This agenda being “Glory, God and Gold”. Mercantilism • Mercantilism was a popular and main economic system for many European nations during the 16th to 18th centuries. • The main goal was to increase a nation’s wealth by promoting government rule of a nation’s economy for the purpose of enhancing state power at the expense of rival national power. • It was the economic counterpart of political absolutism. Why did mercantilists want colonies? • Mercantilists believed that a country must have an excess of exports over imports. • By colonizing territory, it provided the nation with indispensable wealth of precious raw materials. • Therefore, the claimed territory served as a market and supplier of raw materials for the mother country. Which, in time, provided an excess of exports for the nation and thus created wealth. o Development of Trading Companies to support this economic system. Hudson Bay Company – (1670). Controlled primarily North America. o Dutch East Indie Trading Company (1682) o East Indian Trading Company (1600) o Royal African Trade Company (1672) WHERE? • European nations begun to colonize the America, India and the East Indies to create a direct trade route. • Great Britain was the leading power in India, Australia and North America, South Africa. • Spain colonized central and South America. • French held Louisiana, coastal land of Africa and French Guinea. • The Dutch built an empire in the East Indies. • The Portuguese was able to take control of present-day Brazil and the southern tip of South America and Japan. Age of Colonialism • As countries started to imperialize these regions, eventually the concept of colonization took hold: • This is what makes the Age of Colonialism extremely different! End of Colonialism • By 1800, colonialism became less popular • Why? o Revolutions (Spain, France & American) o The Napoleonic Wars o Struggle for nationalism and democracy. o Exhausted all money and energy to supervise their colonies. Waiting to wake again • Imperialism would stay quiet for close to 50 years before Great Britain and France’s economies revitalized. • The outbreak of the Industrial Revolution only encouraged and revitalized European nations to begin their conquest for new territory and resources. Age of Imperialism THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA 1870-1914 Conditions Prior to Imperialism of Africa  European interest in exploiting Africa was minimal.  Their economic interests & profit in Africa primarily came through coastal trade that took place during the 1500-1700s.  The slave trade became the main source of European profit.  Furthermore, disease, political instability, lack of transportation and unpredictable climate all discouraged Europeans from seeking territory. Slave Trade & the Trans-Atlantic Slave Voyages  Forced labor was not uncommon during the 13-17th Centuries. Africans and Europeans had been trading goods and people across the Mediteranea for centuries.  This all changed from 1526 to 1867, as a new system of slavery was introduced that became highly “commercialized, racialized and inherited”  By 1690, the America and West Indies saw approximately 30,000 African people shipped from Africa. A century later, that number grew to 85,000 people per year.  By 1867, approximately 12.5 million people (about twice the population of Arizona) left Africa in a slave ship. What Changed? 1. End of the Slave Trade- Left a need for trade between Europe and Africa. 2. Innovation in technology- The steam engine and iron hulled boats allowed Europe 3. Discovery of new raw materials- Explorers located vast raw materials and resources and this only spurred imperialism with Europe in the wake of the Industrial Revolution. 4. Politics- Unification of Germany and Italy left little room to expand in Europe. Germany and Italy both needed raw materials to “catch up” with Britain and France so they looked to Africa. The Scramble for Africa  The scramble started in 1870.  Although some coastal land had previously been acquired before 1870, the need for territory quickly accelerated as European countries looked t get deeper into Africa.  Within 20 years, nearly all continents were placed under imperialistic rule. Who was Involved?  Great Britain  France  Germany  Italy  Portugal  Belgium  Spain (kind) Violent Affairs  Violence broke out multiple times when European nations looked to claim the same territory.  Germ Chancellor. Otto van Bismarck. Attempted to avert the possibility of violence against the European powers.  In 1884, Bismarck organized a conference in Berlin for the European nations. The Berlin Conference (1884-85)  The conference looked to set ground rules for future annexation of African territory by European Nations.  Annexation is the forcible acquisition and assertion of legal title over one state’s territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory.  From a distant perspective, it looked like it would reduce tensions among European nations and avert war.  At the heart of the meeting, these European countries negotiated their claims to African territory, made it official and then mapped their regions.  Furthermore, the leaders agreed to allow free trade among imperialized territory and some homework for negotiating future European claims in Africa was established. Further Path  After the conference, european powers continued to expand their claims in Africa so that by 1900. 90% of the African territory had been claimed. A Turn towards Colonization?  Upon the imperialization of African territory, European nations and little interest in African land unless it produced economic wealth.  Therefore, European governments put little effort and expertise into these imperialized regions.  In most cases, this emat a form of indirect rule. Thus, governing the natin without sufficient settlement and government from within the mother country. Some Exceptions  There were some exemptions through in Africa as colonization was a necessary for some regions i n Africa.  Some regions where diamonds and gold were present. Government looked to protectorate the regions and establish rule and settlement in the regions.  Protectorates: A state controlled and protected by another state for defense against aggression and other law violations. Would  Some examples include South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe and Congo. Conclusion  Although it may appear that the Berlin Conference averted war amid the African Scramble, imperialism eventually brought the world into worldwide conflict.  With the continued desire to create an empire by European nations. World War 1 would break out which can be linked to this quest at imperialism.
Updated 450d ago
note Note
Unit 5: Poetry II
Updated 999d ago
note Note
CH. 4: Reaction & Energy
Updated 936d ago
note Note
Chapter 7 - Alkynes
Updated 1198d ago
note Note
Micro-Organismes
Updated 1116d ago
note Note
Analysing Fiction (Edexcel) – English
Updated 219d ago
note Note
Shinto
Updated 211d ago
note Note
1.0: unit one major concepts + review
Updated 1121d ago
note Note
Imperialism Rise in Nationalism • During the French and Industrial Revolution, nationalism continued to inspire nations to increase their political and economic power. • Nationalism became the ideal force in the political, economic, and cultural life in the world, becoming the first universal ideology-organizing all people into a nation state. Nationalism Defined • The strong belief that the interest of a particular nation-state is of primary importance. o Nation-State – a state where the vast majority shares the same culture and is conscious of it. It is an ideal in which cultural boundaries match up with political ones. • As an ideology, it is based on the idea that the individual’s loyalty and devotion to the nation-state surpass other individual/group interests. • Exalting one nation’s belief above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests, excluding the interests of others. Changing the World through a Nationalistic Vision • The French Revolution significantly changed the political world and how countries govern. • The Industrial Revolution significantly changed the economic world. • The Age of Imperialism (1870-1914) dramatically changed the political, economic, and social world. What is Imperialism? • Imperialism- The policy of extending the rule of authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies. Power and influence are done through diplomacy or military force. Reasons for Imperialism • There are 5 main motives for empires to seek to expand their rule over other countries or territories: 1. Exploratory • Imperial nations wanted to explore territory unknown to them. • The main purpose for this exploration of new lands was for resource acquisition, medical or scientific research. o Charles Darwin • Other reasons: o Cartography (map making) o Adventure 2. Ethnocentric • Europeans acted on the concept of ethnocentrism o Ethnocentrism- the belief that one race or nation is superior to others. • Ethnocentrism developed out of Charles Darwin’s “survival of the fittest” theory. Philosophers used the theory to explain why there were superior races and inferior races. o This became known as Social Darwinism. • Most imperial nations believed that their cultural values or beliefs were superior to other nations or groups. • Believed imperial conquest would bring successful culture to inferior people. 3. Religious • Imperial expansion promoted a religious movement of people setting out to convert new members of conquered territories. • With the belief that Christianity was superior, missionaries believed it was their duty to spread Christianity to the world. • Christian missionaries established churches, and in doing so, they spread Western culture values as well. • Typically, missionaries spread the imperial nation's language through education and religious interactions. 4. Political • Patriotism and Nationalism helped spur our imperial growth, thus creating competition against other supremacies. • It was a matter of national pride, respect, and security. • Furthermore, European rivalry spurred nations for imperial conquest. Since land equaled power, the more land a country could acquire the more prestige they could wield across the globe. • Empires wanted strategic territory to ensure access for their navies and armies around the world. • The empire believed they must expand, thus they needed to be defended. 5. Economic • With the Industrial Revolution taking place during the same time, governments and private companies contributed to find ways to maximize profits. • Imperialized countries provided European factories and markets with natural resources (old and new) to manufacture products. • Trading posts were strategically placed around imperialized countries to maximize and increase profits. o Such places as the Suez Canal in Egypt which was controlled by the British provided strategic choke hold over many European powers. o Imperial powers competed over the best potential locations for resources, markets, and trade. History of Imperialism • Ancient Imperialism 600 BCE-500 CE o Roman Empire, Ancient China, Greek Empire, Persian Empire, Babylonian Empire. • Middle Age Imperialism (Age of Colonialism-1400-1800s) o Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Netherlands (Dutch), Russia. • Age of Imperialism 1870-1914 o Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Japan, United States, Ottoman Empire, Russia. • Current Imperialism...? o U.S. Military intervention (i.e. Middle East) o Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine. Imperialism Colonialism • Refers to political or economic control, either legally or illegally. • Refers to where one nation assumes control over the other. • Creating an empire, expanding into neighboring regions and expanding the dominance far outside its borders. • Where a country conquers and rules over other regions for exploiting resources from the conquered country for the conqueror's benefit. • Foreign government controls/governs a territory without significant settlement. • Foreign government controls/governs the territory from within the land being colonized. • Little to no new settlement established on fresh territory. • Movement to settle to fresh territory. Age of Colonialism WHEN? • Started around the late 1400s and ended around the late 1700s/early 1800s. WHY? • Primary Reason: European countries, wished to find a direct trade route to Asia (China & India) and the East Indies. o Quicker and relatively more effective than land routes over Asia. • Secondary Reason: Empire expansion (land power) WHO? • Countries involved: Great Britain, France, Spain, the Dutch & Portugal. • Individuals’ knowns as Mercantilists believed that maintaining imperialized territory and colonizing the region could serve as a source of wealth, while personal motives by rulers, explorers, and missionaries could therefore promote their own agenda. o This agenda being “Glory, God and Gold”. Mercantilism • Mercantilism was a popular and main economic system for many European nations during the 16th to 18th centuries. • The main goal was to increase a nation’s wealth by promoting government rule of a nation’s economy for the purpose of enhancing state power at the expense of rival national power. • It was the economic counterpart of political absolutism. Why did mercantilists want colonies? • Mercantilists believed that a country must have an excess of exports over imports. • By colonizing territory, it provided the nation with indispensable wealth of precious raw materials. • Therefore, the claimed territory served as a market and supplier of raw materials for the mother country. Which, in time, provided an excess of exports for the nation and thus created wealth. o Development of Trading Companies to support this economic system. Hudson Bay Company – (1670). Controlled primarily North America. o Dutch East Indie Trading Company (1682) o East Indian Trading Company (1600) o Royal African Trade Company (1672) WHERE? • European nations begun to colonize the America, India and the East Indies to create a direct trade route. • Great Britain was the leading power in India, Australia and North America, South Africa. • Spain colonized central and South America. • French held Louisiana, coastal land of Africa and French Guinea. • The Dutch built an empire in the East Indies. • The Portuguese was able to take control of present-day Brazil and the southern tip of South America and Japan. Age of Colonialism • As countries started to imperialize these regions, eventually the concept of colonization took hold: • This is what makes the Age of Colonialism extremely different! End of Colonialism • By 1800, colonialism became less popular • Why? o Revolutions (Spain, France & American) o The Napoleonic Wars o Struggle for nationalism and democracy. o Exhausted all money and energy to supervise their colonies. Waiting to wake again • Imperialism would stay quiet for close to 50 years before Great Britain and France’s economies revitalized. • The outbreak of the Industrial Revolution only encouraged and revitalized European nations to begin their conquest for new territory and resources. Age of Imperialism THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA 1870-1914 Conditions Prior to Imperialism of Africa  European interest in exploiting Africa was minimal.  Their economic interests & profit in Africa primarily came through coastal trade that took place during the 1500-1700s.  The slave trade became the main source of European profit.  Furthermore, disease, political instability, lack of transportation and unpredictable climate all discouraged Europeans from seeking territory. Slave Trade & the Trans-Atlantic Slave Voyages  Forced labor was not uncommon during the 13-17th Centuries. Africans and Europeans had been trading goods and people across the Mediteranea for centuries.  This all changed from 1526 to 1867, as a new system of slavery was introduced that became highly “commercialized, racialized and inherited”  By 1690, the America and West Indies saw approximately 30,000 African people shipped from Africa. A century later, that number grew to 85,000 people per year.  By 1867, approximately 12.5 million people (about twice the population of Arizona) left Africa in a slave ship. What Changed? 1. End of the Slave Trade- Left a need for trade between Europe and Africa. 2. Innovation in technology- The steam engine and iron hulled boats allowed Europe 3. Discovery of new raw materials- Explorers located vast raw materials and resources and this only spurred imperialism with Europe in the wake of the Industrial Revolution. 4. Politics- Unification of Germany and Italy left little room to expand in Europe. Germany and Italy both needed raw materials to “catch up” with Britain and France so they looked to Africa. The Scramble for Africa  The scramble started in 1870.  Although some coastal land had previously been acquired before 1870, the need for territory quickly accelerated as European countries looked t get deeper into Africa.  Within 20 years, nearly all continents were placed under imperialistic rule. Who was Involved?  Great Britain  France  Germany  Italy  Portugal  Belgium  Spain (kind) Violent Affairs  Violence broke out multiple times when European nations looked to claim the same territory.  Germ Chancellor. Otto van Bismarck. Attempted to avert the possibility of violence against the European powers.  In 1884, Bismarck organized a conference in Berlin for the European nations. The Berlin Conference (1884-85)  The conference looked to set ground rules for future annexation of African territory by European Nations.  Annexation is the forcible acquisition and assertion of legal title over one state’s territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory.  From a distant perspective, it looked like it would reduce tensions among European nations and avert war.  At the heart of the meeting, these European countries negotiated their claims to African territory, made it official and then mapped their regions.  Furthermore, the leaders agreed to allow free trade among imperialized territory and some homework for negotiating future European claims in Africa was established. Further Path  After the conference, european powers continued to expand their claims in Africa so that by 1900. 90% of the African territory had been claimed. A Turn towards Colonization?  Upon the imperialization of African territory, European nations and little interest in African land unless it produced economic wealth.  Therefore, European governments put little effort and expertise into these imperialized regions.  In most cases, this emat a form of indirect rule. Thus, governing the natin without sufficient settlement and government from within the mother country. Some Exceptions  There were some exemptions through in Africa as colonization was a necessary for some regions i n Africa.  Some regions where diamonds and gold were present. Government looked to protectorate the regions and establish rule and settlement in the regions.  Protectorates: A state controlled and protected by another state for defense against aggression and other law violations. Would  Some examples include South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe and Congo. Conclusion  Although it may appear that the Berlin Conference averted war amid the African Scramble, imperialism eventually brought the world into worldwide conflict.  With the continued desire to create an empire by European nations. World War 1 would break out which can be linked to this quest at imperialism.
Updated 450d ago
note Note
Unit 5: Poetry II
Updated 999d ago
note Note

Explore top flashcards

Poetic Devices English 10h
Updated 30d ago
flashcards Flashcards (43)
CRISC - Certified in Risk and Information Systems Control term definition - Part 50
Updated 1142d ago
flashcards Flashcards (20)
Chapter 12 Section 3
Updated 264d ago
flashcards Flashcards (35)
3.3.6 Religious Language
Updated 688d ago
flashcards Flashcards (44)
Predator & Prey
Updated 1163d ago
flashcards Flashcards (29)
Studio AQA GCSE French Module 1
Updated 1080d ago
flashcards Flashcards (214)
Quiz 4, 5, & 6 Questions
Updated 690d ago
flashcards Flashcards (63)
vocabulary 9
Updated 41m ago
flashcards Flashcards (30)
Poetic Devices English 10h
Updated 30d ago
flashcards Flashcards (43)
CRISC - Certified in Risk and Information Systems Control term definition - Part 50
Updated 1142d ago
flashcards Flashcards (20)
Chapter 12 Section 3
Updated 264d ago
flashcards Flashcards (35)
3.3.6 Religious Language
Updated 688d ago
flashcards Flashcards (44)
Predator & Prey
Updated 1163d ago
flashcards Flashcards (29)
Studio AQA GCSE French Module 1
Updated 1080d ago
flashcards Flashcards (214)
Quiz 4, 5, & 6 Questions
Updated 690d ago
flashcards Flashcards (63)
vocabulary 9
Updated 41m ago
flashcards Flashcards (30)