States of Matter: Liquids and Solids

Flashcards about States of Matter: Liquids and Solids

How does the density of liquids compare to gases?

Particles are closely packed, but not locked in place; liquids are much denser than gases due to stronger IMF

Are liquids compressible?

Liquids are only slightly compressible under great pressure

What is diffusion?

The spreading of something more widely.

Why does diffusion occur in liquids?

Diffusion occurs in liquids because particles are not locked into place by their IMF.

What is fluidity?

Capacity to flow

What types of matter are fluids?

Liquids and gases

Why do liquids diffuse more slowly than gases?

Because of greater intermolecular forces.

Are liquids more or less fluid than gases?

Liquids are less fluid than gases.

What is viscosity?

Resistance of a substance to flowing.

What determines viscosity?

Type of intermolecular forces, size and shape of particles, and temperature.

How does the strength of IMF affect viscosity?

The stronger the IMF, the higher the viscosity.

Give an example of a liquid with high viscosity.

Glycerol

How does molecule size affect viscosity?

Larger molecules create greater viscosity.

How does temperature affect viscosity?

Increasing the temperature decreases viscosity.

What is surface tension?

The energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid by a given amount

How do intermolecular forces affect molecules on the surface of a liquid?

Molecules at the surface of the liquid experience intermolecular forces from all sides except from above.

What causes greater surface tension: stronger or weaker attractions?

Stronger attractions

What are surfactants?

Compounds that lower the surface tension of liquids

What is cohesion?

Attractive forces between particles of the same substance

What is adhesion?

Attractive forces between particles of different substances

What is capillarity/capillary action?

Movement of water upward through a tube or air pockets in a wick due to adhesion

Why is the water level higher in the smaller diameter tube?

The ratio of adhesion to the fluid weight is greater in the smaller diameter tube.

What kind of intermolecular forces do solids contain?

Particles with strong attractive intermolecular forces

How do particles in a solid move?

Vibrate in a fixed position

Are solids generally more or less dense than liquids?

Most solids are more dense than liquids.

Why is ice less dense than liquid water?

The hydrogen bonding in ice results in an open symmetrical structure that keeps the water molecules in ice farther apart than in water in a liquid state.

What are crystalline solids?

Solids with atoms, ions, or molecules arranged in an orderly, geometric shape.

What is a unit cell?

The smallest arrangement of atoms in a crystal lattice that has the same symmetry as the whole crystal.

What are amorphous solids?

Solids that do not form rigid crystalline structures

Give examples of amorphous solids

Gas, rubber, plastics

Describe metallic solids

Positive metal ions surrounded by a “sea of electrons”

What are molecular solids?

Substances in which molecules are held together by intermolecular forces (which are usually pretty weak)

What are covalent network solids?

Some atoms are capable of forming covalent bonds with crystalline patterns