Characterizing smallhold goat es

A set of Q&A flashcards covering the key findings, methods, and statistics from the study on smallholder goat farms in Central Luzon, Philippines, aiming to prepare for exams.

What is the study area for the goat production assessment in Central Luzon, Philippines?

Central Luzon region, covering Nueva Ecija, Tarlac, Bataan, and Pampanga.

How many smallholder goat farmers were surveyed in this study?

169 farmers.

During which months in 2019 was data collected?

January to March 2019.

What is the overall characterization of the traditional goat farming system observed?

Low-cost production inputs, unmanaged breeding, and poor feeding programs.

What production system share did partial confinement account for among SGFs?

55% of the farms.

What percentage of SGFs practiced free grazing?

30%.

What percentage of SGFs used tethering?

12%.

What percentage used pure confinement?

3%.

What were the predominant housing materials used for goat houses?

Wood (45%) and bamboo (38%).

What was the most common floor type for goat houses?

Elevated floors (61% of farms).

What were the common feed resources for goats?

Native pastures (73%), legumes (51%), and improved grasses (25%).

What was the average daily feed intake reported for grasses and legumes?

About 3-4 kg of grasses and 0.2-0.5 kg of legumes per goat per day.

What proportion of farmers reported feeding concentrates?

About 15%.

What were the predominant breeding schemes among SGFs?

Cross breeding (43%), upgrading (31%), and pure breeding (25%).

What was the mode of breeding most commonly used?

Natural breeding (96%); Artificial insemination (AI) 4%.

What percent of farmers were willing to adopt AI if available?

85%.

What was the mean conception rate (CR) across the study region?

68.11% (±2.87).

What were the mean ages at first breeding for bucks and does?

Buck: 6.29 months; Doe: 6.72 months.

What was the buck-to-doe ratio reported?

1 buck for about 6 does (1:6).

What was the mean kidding interval and mean kid size?

Kidding interval: 210 days; mean kid size: 2.01 heads.

What was the mean birth weight and weights at 3 and 6 months?

Birth weight: 1.12 kg; 3 months: 7.72 kg; 6 months: 15.49 kg.

What were the reported average daily gains (ADG) for 3- and 6-month periods?

ADG: 78.69 g (3 months) and 73.28 g (6 months).

What was the total goat inventory and average per farm?

Total 2,247 heads; average per farm about 14 heads.

Which breed constitutes about 60% of the goat inventory?

Native goats.

What was the prevalence of diarrhea among the goats?

73% prevalence.

What were the second and other notable diseases reported?

Pneumonia (25%), cough (21%), Orf (17%), internal parasites (12%), lameness/paralysis (14%), among others.

What is the study’s conclusion regarding dairy goat dispersal programs for SGFs?

They face a grim future unless current management is improved and guided with science-based interventions and extension programs.

What statistical methods were used to analyze the data?

SPSS for descriptive analysis and Pearson’s correlation to determine relationships; significance at p<0.05.

Which factors were found to significantly correlate with conception rate?

Age at first breeding of buck (r=0.360, p=0.014) and post-partum breeding (r=0.031, p<0.05).

The target population of the research were smallholder goat farmers with existing

animal holdings of at least _____ does but should not have more than 10 head of

matured goats and with no more than 22 heads of young.

3

In describing the qualitative

data, ________________ such as frequency distribution was used

descriptive analysis

while

measures of _____________ and variability were used for quantitative data.

central tendency

_______________________ was used to determine the relationship

between farm performance and management practices,

Pearson’s correlation coefficient