BIO 205 Dr. Raymond: Antibiotics

antibiotic

a substance naturally produced by a few bacterial and fungal species that inhibits or kills bacteria?

He created salvarsan: the magic bullet for curing syphilis

What contribution did Paul Ehrlich make to antimicrobial therapy?

He recognized the antimicrobial properties of the red dye prontosil

What contribution did Gerhard Domagle make to antimicrobial therapy?

He discovered the antibiotic penicillin

What contribution did Alexander Fleming make to antimicrobial therapy?

They extracted penicillin from penicillium.

What contribution did Howard Florey and Ernst Chain make to antimicrobial therapy?

He isolated streptomycin from the soil and coined the term antibiotic.

What contribution did Seligman Waksman make to antimicrobial therapy?

bacterial cell wall synthesis, disruption of membranes, nucleic acid synthesis blocking, protein syntheses blocking, metabolic pathway blocking

What are the 5 targets of antibiotics?

bacterial cell wall synthesis

Which antibiotic target is ONLY effective for gram + bacteria

disrupting membranes

Which antibiotic target is ONLY effective for gram - bacteria?

nucleic acid synthesis blocking, metabolic pathway blocking, protein synthesis blocking

Which antibiotic targets are effective for both gram + and gram - bacteria?

viruses have non of things that antibiotics target

Why are antibiotic an inappropriate treatment for viral infections?

They are affective against both gram + and gram - bacteria, they are used if the pathogen is unknown, they kill many normal flora leading to secondary or superinfections

What are the characteristics of broad spectrum antibiotics?

They are only effective against gram + OR gram - antibiotics, the are used if the pathogen is known, they kill less normal flora.

What are the characteristics of narrow spectrum antibiotics?

to determine which antibiotic to use

What is the purpose of performing a Kirby-Bauer test?

mutation, conjugation, transduction, transformation

What are the 4 ways bacteria acquire resistance to antibiotics?

produce enzymes that destroy antibiotics, decrease entry of antibiotic, pump the antibiotic out before they can act, alter antibiotic targe site, change the metabolic pathway of the antibiotic

What are the 5 ways that bacteria resist antibiotics?

Wash your hands

What is the easiest way to slow down the rate of antibiotic resistance?

hand washing, education on appropriate use of antibiotics, taking antibiotic medications as prescribed for the entire length prescribed, use narrow spectrum antibiotics when possible, use the smallest dose necessary to kill bacteria, stop using medically important antibiotics on livestock.

What are some ways of slowing down the rate of antibiotic resistance?