Prologue/Chapter One Test

TOMORROW CRAM

Psychology’s creation - 1920s: Definition of psychology was:

Science of mental life

1920s-1960s: Definition of psychology was:

Science of observable behavior

1960s-Present: Definition of psychology was:

Science of mental processes and behavior

Socrates and Plato believed that the mind and body were one/separate and that knowledge was innate/learned. This is known as monism/dualism

separate, innate, dualism

Aristotle believed that the soul is/isn’t separate from the body: known as monism/dualism. He believed that knowledge is innate/learned.

isn’t, monism, learned

Which 2 ancient greek philosophers believed that the mind and body were separate?

Socrates, Plato

Which ancient Greek philosopher believed that the mind and body are one?

Aristotle

Medical doctor who said mental problems were the result of biological causes

Hippocrates

Which philosopher believed that the mind controlled the body’s movements, sensations, and perceptions (dualism)?

Rene Descartes

Which philosopher believed that the mind was a “blank slate”?

John Locke

Which philosopher invented empiricism?

John Locke

Emphasized that all knowledge is obtained through observation and experiment (John Locke invented this)

Empiricism

name the person:

* cognitive/behavioral
* cognitive maps
* latent learning
* Pres of APA

Edward Tolman

Name the person:

* Behavioral
* Ran experiments on monkeys and discovered that love and comfort are non-physical needs

Harry Harlow

Name the person:

* Structuralist
* Introspection
* Structuralism
* Coined “empathy”

Edward B. Titchener

Name the person:

* Evolutionary
* Theory of evolution
* natural selection

Charles Darwin

Name the person:

* Structuralism
* Father of experimental psychology
* Founded first psych lab in 1879 and is considered the person who established psych as a distinct field of science

Wilhelm Wundt

Name the person:

* Social
* Stanford prison experiment
* APA Pres

Phillip Zimbardo

Name the person:

* Behavioral
* Classical conditioning experiment w/dogs and salivation

Ivan Pavlov

Name the person:

* Cognitive/behavioral
* Transformed prisons, leading to the creation of mental hospitals

Dorothea Dix

Name the person:

* Behavioral
* “Little Albert” Experiment
* Behavior can be conditioned

John B. Watson

Name the person:

* Psychoanalytic to Social
* Identity Crisis
* 8 Stages of development

Erik Erikson

Name the person:

* Cognitive
* Created the first IQ Test

Alfred Binet

Name the person:

* Gestalt and Social
* Conformity Experiments
* Peer Pressure

Solomon Asch

Name the person:

* Psychoanalytic
* Coined “intro/extrovert” terms

Carl Jung

Name the person:

* Social
* Obedience to Authority
* Electrical shocks

Stanley Milgram

Name the person:

* Behavioral
* Reinforced behavior
* Operant Conditioning
* Operant Conditioning Box

B.F. Skinner

Name the person:

* Humanistic/Positive Psychology
* Hierarchy of Needs

Abraham Maslow

Name the person

* Social
* Bobo Doll experiments
* Behavior can be learned through observation

Albert Bandura

Name the Person:

* James-Lange theory
* physical changes in the body happen first, which then leads to the experience of emotion


* Functionalist
* Founded functionalism

William James

Name the person

* Psychoanalytic/Functionalist
* Denied Ph.D due to gender
* First female president of APA

Mary Whiton Calkins

Name the person

* Behavioral
* Operant conditioning
* laws of learning
* reinforcement

Edward Thorndik

Name the person

* Cognitive
* First American to get PhD in Psych
* First president of APA

G Stanley hall

Name the person

* Theories on dreams
* Ego, superego


* Psychoanalytic
* Founder of psychoanalysis

Sigmund Freud

Name the person

* Cognitive
* Theory of cognitive development

Jean piaget

Name the person

* Behavioral
* First female to get a phd in psych

Margaret Flay Washburn

All human behavior reflects the influence of the psychological predispositions that helped our ancestors survive and reproduce.

Evolutionary Psych

 focuses on each individual's potential and stresses the importance of growth and self-actualization

Humanistic Psych

Study on how people think and are influenced by learning and experience

Cognitive Psych

* Biological influences affect our brain
* Psychological, genetic, and developmental mechanisms in humans and animals

Biological

The study of rules, roles, groups, relationships, cultural norms, values, and expectations and its impact on behavior.

Social-Cultural Psych

* Introspection(set of observations made under controlled conditions)
* Sought to analyze the adult mind in terms of the simple components

Structuralism

Our emotions are based on our surroundings, our mind helps us adapt to our environment

Functionalism

All behavior is learned through engagement w/the environment. Innate factors have little to no effect on behavior; all behavior is learned

Behaviorism

The whole of anything is greater than its parts, school of thought that looks at the human mind and behavior **as a whole.**

Gestalt Psych

how the unconscious mind influences your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Psych

Systematically considers, biological, psychological, and social factors and their interactions.

Biopsychosocial

Study mental processes and behavior by observing, interpreting, and recording how people relate to one another and their environments

Psychology

Medical field job that prescribes treatments and medications to treat mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders.

Psychiatry

an __ psychologist might diagnose learning disabilities, design and manage individualized learning learning plans for students, and educate and advise teachers and families on learning.

educational

a _ psychologist applies psychological knowledge to the criminal justice system.

forensic

Human factor psychologist

study how people interact with machines/tech and uses it to design products, systems, and devices

industrial-organizational psychologist

studies and assess individuals, groups, and organizational dynamics in the workplace.

a __ psychologist administers tests for patients w/mild to severe traumatic brain injury.

psychometric

in-depth study of one person/group to hopefully find universal principles . disadvantage is that it’s hard to apply to the population as you are only studying one person/group

case study

Set of predetermined questions being answered by a select group of people. disadvantage is that the sample can be biased

survey

researches obesrve and record what they see participants do. observer bias is disadvantage.

nat. obs.

following group of people periodically over time, disadvantage is time and cost

longitudinal study

Data is collected from groups of participants of different ages, disadvantage is that it cannot be used to analyze behavior over a long period of time

cross-sectional

correlation does/doesn’t prove causation

doesn’t

correlation coefficient of 0 means __ correlation, 1 means strong _ correlation, -1 means strong _ correlation

no, pos, neg

what research method establishes true cause-effect by manipulation of variables?

experiments

When does a skewed distribution occur?

When there is an unusual distribution of high or low scores