Unit 3: French+Indian War and Am Rev. (1754-1800)

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27 Terms

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French and Indian War

- fought between France and Britain and their Indian allies

- battle of Quebec (1759): Britain won; major defeat for france

- Treaty of Paris ended the war with France who essentially loses all their land to Britain (1763)

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Albany Plan (1754)

discussion over whether Iroquois would remain loyal to the British

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Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)

Native tribes in the Ohio Valley under the leader Pontiac attacked numerous forts on the frontier, killing thousands.

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Proclamation of 1763

British prohibited the colonists from settling west of the Appalachians

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Paxton Boys (1763)

A vigilante group in Pennsylvania murdered nearby natives who were actually Christianize and living peacefully among white people.

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Virtual Representation

British argument that the colonists didn’t need representation because Parliament had the colonists best interest at heart and represented them fairly

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Sugar Act 1764

cut the duty on foreign molasses from 6 to 3 pence per gallon, retained a high duty on foreign refined sugar, and prohibited the importation of all foreign rum

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Quartering Act (1765)

outlined the locations and conditions in which British soldiers were to find room and board in the American colonies

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Stamp Act (1765)

- Tax on paper products; you had to buy the stamp even to buy playing cards

- Violators were tried in courts with no trial by jury

- Colonials reacted by tarring/attacking British officials, boycotts, and the formation of the Sons and Daughters of Liberty

- Stamp Act Congress formed to express grievances

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Townshend Acts (1767)

- Taxes on glass, lead, paint, etc.

- Colonists failed to follow the Acts which lead to troops in Boston

- Leads to Boston Massacre in 1770

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Boston Massacre (1770)

Seven British soldiers fired into a crowd of volatile Bostonians, killing five, wounding another six, and angering an entire colony.

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Committees of Correspondence (1772)

formed by Samuel Adams to organize resistance and spread propaganda between colonies

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Boston Tea Party (1773)

- Resulted from the tea monopoly granted to the British Company

- Colonists boarded British ships and threw tons of tea into the Boston harbor

- Britain passed the Intolerable Acts to punish Bostonians by closing the Boston Port (1774)

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Coercive (Intolerable) Acts (1774)

- Boston Port Act: authorized the Royal Navy to blockade Boston Harbor

- Massachusetts Government Act: imperiled representative government in the colony

- The Act for the Impartial Administration of Justice: gave the King the ability to move a trial to another colony or Great Britain if it was determined

- Quartering Act (1774): required the colonies to house British soldiers in barracks provided by the colonies

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First Continental Congress meets (1774)

grievances sent to the king; complete boycott of British goods declared

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Battle that started the Revolution

Lexington and Concord (shot heard around the world)

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2nd Continental Congress meets (1775)

- meets to make decisions about the war effort

- Issued the Olive Branch Petition: a last desperate attempt to make peace with king George III

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Important pamphlet that argued reasons for independence

“Common Sense” by Thomas Paine

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Declaration of Independence (1776)

- Heavily influenced by the Enlightenment; especially the work of John Locke

- Lists all the grievances the colonists had against King George III

- “All men are created equal”

- Written mainly by Thomas Jefferson

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Loyalists/Tories

colonists who were loyal to the British

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Patriots/American Whigs

- rebellious colonists

- whigs were people who were more liberal and open to freedoms

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Hessians

German mercenaries hired by the British

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Battle of Trenton (1776)

George Washington crosses the Delaware river on Christmas night and captures around 1000 Hessians

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Valley Forge

location of the Continental Army in 1777-1778, during which they suffered from considerable shortages and the cold winter

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Battle of Saratoga (1777)

convinced France to join on the side of the Patriots which was key to American victory

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Battle of Yorktown (1781)

last major battle of the war; Cornwallis surrenders after being surrounded by the French at sea and the colonists by land

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Treaty of Paris (1783)

treaty that officially ends the war and grants colonial victory