APUSH Unit 3

Fugitive Slave Law

Required escaped enslaved people to be returned to their enslavers, even in free states.

Seceded states

Southern states that left the Union before or during the Civil War.

Border states

Slave states that stayed loyal to the Union.

Abraham Lincoln and his elections

Lincoln’s elections in 1860 and 1864 preserved the Union and opposed slavery’s expansion.

Emancipation Proclamation

Freed enslaved people in Confederate-controlled areas during the Civil War.

Copperheads

Northern Democrats who opposed the Civil War.

Trent Affair

Diplomatic crisis with Britain over captured Confederate diplomats.

Lincoln’s 10% Plan

Allowed Southern states to rejoin after 10% swore loyalty to the Union.

Andrew Johnson and the Tenure of Office Act

Law limiting Johnson’s power that led to his impeachment.

Freedmen’s Bureau

Agency that helped formerly enslaved people with education and jobs.

Sharecropping

Farming system where tenants worked land for a share of crops.

Black Codes

Southern laws restricting African Americans’ freedom after the war.

Dred Scott

Supreme Court case ruling enslaved people were not citizens.

African American soldiers in the war

Fought for the Union and helped turn the tide of the war.

Maximilian

French-installed ruler of Mexico during the U.S. Civil War.