Chapter 16 : The Cold War v.2

Satellite State

Country controlled by a more powerful nation

Cold War

Worldwide rivalry between the U.S. and Soviet Union

Iron Curtain

Winston Churchill's term for the Cold War division between the Soviet-dominated East and the U.S.-dominated West.

Containment

keeping Communism from spreading to countries that are not Communist

Marshall Plan

a United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952)

Berlin Airlift

action in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of west Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin

NATO

an international organization created in 1949 for purposes of collective security, especially from Soviet agression in Europe

Warsaw Pact

treaty signed in 1945 that formed an alliance of the Eastern European countries behind the Iron Curtain; USSR, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania

Mao Zedong

Chinese communist leader (1893-1976)

38th Parallel

line of latitude that separated North and South Korea

Douglas MacArthur

United States general who served commander of U.S and U.N. forces during the Korean War

Limited War

conflict fought to achieve only specific goals

Arms Race

a competition between nations to have the most powerful armaments

Mutually Assured Destruction

idea that if either US or the USSR was hit with nuclear weapons they would respond with the same, therefore neither should use their nuclear weapons

Nationalize

put under state control or ownership

CIA

an independent agency of the United States government responsible for collecting and coordinating intelligence and counterintelligence activities abroad in the national interest

NASA

an independent agency of the United States government responsible for aviation and spaceflight

Sputnik

The world's first space satellite; launched by the Soviets

Red Scare

a period of general fear of communists

HUAC

an investigating committee which investigated what it considered un-American propaganda and pro-communist activities

Blacklist

to banish or cause to be boycotted

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

Arrested in the Summer of 1950 and executed in 1953, they were convicted of conspiring to commit espionage by passing plans for the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union.

Joseph R. McCarthy

led a crusade to investigate officials he claimed were Communists

McCarthyism

extreme, wreckless claims against another; unscrupulously accusing people of disloyalty (as by saying they were Communists)

soviet bloc

those nations allied to or under the control of the USSR

Harry S. Truman

U.S. president from 1945 to 1953, including the end of WWII and the beginning of the Cold War

Joseph Stalin

leader of the Soviet Union from 1924 to 1953

Dwight Eisenhower

U.S. president from 1953 to 1961, including the end of the Korean War