Period 4 Second Great Awakening

According to Khan Academy, one explanation for the development of the Second Great Awakening was the simultaneous influence of ...
a. Mercantilism
b. the African Slave Trade
c. the Temperance Movement
Selected
d. the Market Revolution

d. The Market Revolution

According to Khan Academy, the three main causes of the temperance movement were...
a. the Cult of Domesticity, the Anti-slavery movement, and the industrial (or market) revolution
b. the advent of Public Education, the industrial (or market) revolution, and Romanticism
c. Universal White Male Suffrage, the industrial (or market) revolution, and unionization
d. Calvinism, the industrial (or market) revolution, women's suffrage
e. the Second Great Awakening, the industrial (or market) revolution, and nativism

e. the Second Great Awakening, the industrial (or market) revolution, and nativism

According to Khan Academy, _________________ and ___________________ were two of the most famous and influential advocates of Transcendentalism.
a. Hawthorne and Cooper
b. Poe and Crane
c. Gibson and Musial
d. Emerson and Thoreau

d. Emerson and Thoreau

KHAN
"Religious identity . . . allowed women to assert themselves, both in private and in public ways. It enabled them to rely on an authority beyond the world of men. . . . In contrast to the self-abnegation required of women in their domestic vocation, religious commitment required attention to one's own thoughts, actions, and prospects. . . . No other avenue of self-expression besides religion at once offered women social approbation, the encouragement of male leaders (ministers), and, most important, the community of their peers."

-Source: Nancy Cott, The Bonds of Womanhood: "Woman's Sphere" in New England, 1780-1835, 1977

Which of the following cultural and social shifts resulted most directly from the trends described in the excerpt?

A. a decline in women's participation in factory work in favor of staying home and caring for her family
B. a rise of reform movements, like the temperance movement and the abolitionist movement
C. a decrease in utopian societies that were popular during the Era of Good Feelings
D. an increase in support for women taking political leadership positions in Congress

B. a rise of reform movements, like the temperance movement and the abolitionist movement

The author of the excerpt above argues that religion gave women power to express their thoughts and allowed them to enter into the "public" sphere and advocate for social change.

Term check: which of the following was founded in the "Burned Over District" in the 1820s?
a. American Colonization Society
b. Liberty Party
c. American Society for the Promotion of Temperance
d. Mormons

d. Mormons

According to Khan Academy (and your own term list?), which of the following personally led an unsuccessful slave revolt?
a. Nat Turner
b. William Lloyd Garrison
c. James Henry Hammond
d. David Walker
e. Angelina & Sarah Grimke

a. Nat Turner

Associated with being anti-immigrant or anti-immigration?
a. Nativism
b. Transcendentalism and utopian communities
c. States' Rights
d. American Society for the Promotion of Temperance

a. Nativism

KHAN
"Classical revival architecture associated with Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Latrobe had rested on the theory that forms were beautiful in themselves and that architecture should display the principles of simplicity, harmony, and proportion; . . . borrowing from British aesthetic theorists like Archibald Alison, now argued that structural forms were beautiful in terms of the thoughts that they raised in the mind of the viewer. Thus gothic architecture, which was popularized in the works of Byron and Sir Walter Scott, became emblematic of the ideals of an earlier Christian age."

-Source: Clifford E. Clark, Jr., "Domestic Architecture as an Index to Social History: The Romantic Revival and the Cult of Domesticity in America, 1840-1870," The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 1976

Which of the following contributed most directly to the trend described in the excerpt?

A. the spread of Romantic beliefs from Europe
B. the rise of transcendentalism
C. the diffusion of Second Great Awakening ideals
D. the dissemination of Enlightenment ideas

A. the spread of Romantic beliefs from Europe

The author writes that "the romantics, borrowing from British aesthetic" influenced American architecture.

According to Khan Academy, the _________________, published at the ________________, used very recognizable language to underline the inconsistencies between national commitments to human equality and the treatment of women.
a. Voting Rights Act of 1848, Democratic National Convention
b. Equal Rights Amendment, Chicago Exposition
c. Declaration of Rights and Sentiments, Seneca Falls Convention
d. Universal Declaration of Rights, Ithaca Exposition

c. Declaration of Rights and Sentiments, Seneca Falls Convention

According to Khan Academy, some influential advocates of Transcendentalism, such as Margaret Fuller, were also early pioneers of _____________________.
a. the Cult of Domesticity
b. Transcendentalism
c. Communism
d. Feminism

d. Feminism

KHAN

"In a time of rapidly changing means of communication and systems of production, when everything from race relations to banking practices came under challenge, there was no sharp distinction between the mainstream and the marginal. The utopians simply carried even further the perfectionism that mainstream evangelists like Charles Finney reached. Typically, they did not so much reject American society as wish to elaborate upon it, to carry its innovative qualities to extremes. Their communities attracted attention out of all proportion to their size."

-Source: Daniel Walker Howe, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848, 2007

According to the excerpt, which of the following statements describes why people sought to build utopian communities in the 1800s?

A.to create a trail for enslaved people to escape their captors
B. to give non-Christians a safe place to worship
C. to treat people diagnosed with a mental illness
D.to set up a self-sufficient society based on perfectionism

D. to set up a self-sufficient society based on perfectionism

The author wrote that utopias were aiming for "perfectionism." While each utopian community had its own definition of what "perfect" meant, overall it meant a self-sufficient, devout community.

Term check: where was the "Burned Over District?"
a. Massachusetts
b. Ohio
c. Virginia
d. New York

d. New York

Urged middle class women to focus on raising children and taking care of the home?
a. Transcendentalism and utopian communities
b. Grimke sisters
c. Cult of Domesticity
d. American Society for the Promotion of Temperance

c. Cult of Domesticity

KHAN
"From the listless repose of the place, and the peculiar character of its inhabitants, who are descendants from the original Dutch settlers, this sequestered glen has long been known by the name of SLEEPY HOLLOW, and its rustic lads are called the Sleepy Hollow Boys throughout all the neighboring country. A drowsy, dreamy influence seems to hang over the land, and to pervade the very atmosphere. Some say that the place was bewitched by a high German doctor, during the early days of the settlement; others, that an old Indian chief, the prophet or wizard of his tribe, held his pow-wows there before the country was discovered by Master Hendrick Hudson . . . .

"The dominant spirit, however, that haunts this enchanted region, and seems to be commander-in-chief of all the powers of the air, is the apparition of a figure on horseback without a head. It is said by some to be the ghost of a Hessian trooper, whose head had been carried away by a cannon-ball, in some nameless battle during the revolutionary war; and who is ever and anon seen by the country folk hurrying along in the gloom of night . . ."

-Source: Washington Irving, The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, 1820

The language and themes of the excerpt were most directly inspired by the:

A. Hartford Convention, a gathering of New England Federalists who opposed the War of 1812
B. American Renaissance, a movement which included the first American art and literature.
C. Mexican-American War, a conflict that garnered broad support among American writers.
D. Declaration of Independence, which led to the American Revolution.

B. American Renaissance, a movement which included the first American art and literature.

Irving was among the authors who developed a unique American literary style. Others included Nathanial Hawthorne, Margaret Fuller, Henry David Thoreau, and James Fenimore Cooper.

According to Khan Academy, two of the most famous Second Great Awakening "circuit riders" were...
a. Charles Finney and Lyman Beecher
b. Robert Gibson and Theodore Simmons
c. Thomas Laverne and Shirley Chisolm
d. John Calvin and Lucy Hobbes
e. Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau

a. Charles Finney and Lyman Beecher

According to Khan Academy, which of the following was the largest group of whites who enslaved African Americans in the South (by 1850)?
a. those who enslaved 5-19 people
b. those who did not enslave any people
c. those who enslaved 1-4 people
d. those who enslaved 20 people or more

b. those who did not enslave any people

According to Khan Academy, "teetotalism" is a term that means ...
a. "take steps (like stages of a totem pole) to curb your drinking"
b. "temper your drinking"
c. "do not drink alcohol at all"
d. "alcoholism" or "a person who drinks all the time," a person who is "totaled"

c. "do not drink alcohol at all"

According to Khan Academy, the ____________________ was one of the most important social, religious, and cultural aspects of the early 19th century. As a matter of fact, it can be argued that it is impossible to understand early 19th century United States culture without understanding it.
a. Fundamentalist Movement
b. Second Great Awakening
c. Market Revolution
d. Counterculture

b. Second Great Awakening

According to Khan Academy, the philosophy of _______________________ arose in the 1830s in the eastern United States as a reaction to intellectualism. Its adherents (supporters) yearned for intense spiritual experiences and sought to advance beyond the purely material world of reason and rationality.
a. Transcendentalism
b. Exceptionalism
c. Realism
d. Deism
e. Calvinism

a. Transcendentalism

KHAN
"When the churches are thus awakened and reformed, the reformation and salvation of sinners will follow, going through the same stages for conviction, repentance, and reformation. Their hearts will be broken down and changed. Very often the most abandoned profligates are among the subjects. Harlots, and drunkards, and infidels, and all sorts of abandoned characters are awakened and converted."

-Source: Charles G. Finney, "What A Revival of Religion Is," New York Evangelist, 1834

Which of the following best describes one similarity shared between the First Great Awakening and the Second Great Awakening?

A. a push for individual responsibility
B. a denouncement of a democratic government
C. a decline in female membership in the church
D. a rise in membership in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints

A. a push for individual responsibility

A major principle of the First Great Awakening was that individuals who confessed their sins and genuinely showed regret for what they did wrong could be saved by the Christian God's grace. Similarly, the Second Great Awakening pushed the idea that individuals can save themselves from internal damnation by performing good acts.

KHAN
Based on the last excerpt:

The ideas expressed in the excerpt are more closely aligned with which of the following broader historical developments?

A. the abolitionist movement
B. the Second Great Awakening
C. the temperance movement
D. the penitentiary reform movement

B. the Second Great Awakening

Charles G. Finney was a Presbyterian minister in the 1830s who led a series of religious revivals in the West from 1825 to 1835.

According to Khan Academy, the Second Great Awakening had a direct impact on all of the following EXCEPT...
a. the rise of utopian communities
b. abolition
c. support for public education
d. the birth of the women's movement
e. technological advancement

e. technological advancement

According to Khan Academy, the Women's Movement of the early 19th Century gained traction through what other two movements?
a. education and prison reform
b. unionization and industrialization
c. abolition and the Second Great Awakening
d. urbanization and romanticism

c. abolition and the Second Great Awakening

According to Khan Academy (and your own term list?), which of the following was NOT an abolitionist?
a. William Lloyd Garrison
b. James Henry Hammond
c. Nat Turner
d. Angelina & Sarah Grimke
e. David Walker

b. James Henry Hammond

Term check: the objective was to send former slaves and free black men and women back to Africa...
a. American Colonization Society
b. American Society for the Promotion of Temperance
c. Liberty Party
d. Transcendentalism and utopian communities

a. American Colonization Society

KHAN
"The War has renewed and reinstated the national feelings which the Revolution had given and which were daily lessened. The people have now more general objects of attachment with which their pride and political opinions are connected. They are more American; they feel and act more like a nation; and I hope that the permanency of the Union is thereby better secured."
-Source: Albert Gallatin, in a letter to Matthew Lyon, 1816

The author's remarks in the excerpt most directly reflected which of the following developments during the early nineteenth century?

A. the emergence of a national identity
B. the spread of a wave of religious revivalism
C. the realignment of national political parties by regional lines
D. the end of US efforts at territorial expansion

A. the emergence of a national identity

The author states that after the War of 1812, the United States experienced a time of great unity in its national culture.

The majority of White families in the antebellum South owned

A. more than 100 slaves
B. 50 to 100 slaves
C. 10 to 50 slaves
D. 5 to 10 slaves
E. no slaves

E. no slaves

Support for slavery in the Southern states was based on all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

A. Most White families owned slaves.
B. Slaveholders believed that slaves were inferior and required White guardianship.
C. Slavery was condoned in the Bible.
D. White plantation owners feared abolition would destroy the South's economy.
E. Poor White farmers feared the economic competition of four million freed persons.

A. Most White families owned slaves.

All of the following contributed to the growth of the free African American population in the United States in the early nineteenth century EXCEPT
A. the gradual emancipation laws of individual states
B. manumission granted for Revolutionary War service
C. manumission granted by slaveholders' wills
D. natural increase among free African Americans
E. federal constitutional provisions for emancipation

E. federal constitutional provisions for emancipation

"Joseph Smith... came from nowhere. Reared in a poor Yankee farm family, he had less than two years of formal schooling and began life without social standing or institutional backing. His family rarely attended church. Yet in the fourteen years he headed the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Smith created a religious culture that survived his death, flourished in the most desolate regions of the United States, and continues to grow worldwide....In 1830 at the age of twenty-four, he published the Book of Mormon....He built cities and temples and gathered thousands of followers before he was killed at age thirty-eight."

Richard Lyman Bushman, historian, Joseph Smith Rough Stone Rolling: A Cultural Biography of Mormonism's Founder, 2005

The goals of the Mormons, as described in the excerpt, were most like the goals of which of the following colonial groups?
A. Puritans in New England
B. Planters in the Chesapeake region
C. French missionaries in the Great Lakes region
D. Spanish settlers in California

A. Puritans in New England

The main goal of the American Colonization Society was to promote colonization in
A. the American West by eastern American Indians
B. Mexico by White Americans
C. Cuba by White Americans
D. the Mexican Cession by White Americans
E. Africa by free Black persons and former slaves

E. Africa by free Black persons and former slaves

During the first half of the nineteenth century, the central and western areas of New York were known as the "burned-over district" because
A. of intense religious zeal created during the Second Great Awakening
B. terrible fires had followed the clear-cut logging by pioneers in that part of the state
C. the area had not recovered from the devastation of the War of 1812
D. American Indian settlements had been completely destroyed as settlers moved in and took over the land
E. the region's economy had never revived after the hardships that followed the Whiskey Rebellion

A. of intense religious zeal created during the Second Great Awakening

"Build, therefore, your own world. As fast as you conform your life to the pure idea in your mind, that will unfold its great proportions. A correspondent revolution in things will attend the influx of the spirit."

The 1836 passage above exemplifies which of the following intellectual trends?
A. Evangelicalism
B. Transcendentalism
C. Abolitionism
D. Mormon theology
E. Pragmatist philosophy

B. Transcendentalism

William Lloyd Garrison and the American Anti-Slavery Society were known for
A. advocating immediate and uncompensated emancipation
B. advocating colonization by former slaves in West Africa
C. advocating the use of tariff revenues to purchase slaves from slaveholders
D. opposing women's participation in public abolitionist meetings
E. supporting the Kansas-Nebraska Act's provisions regarding slavery

A. advocating immediate and uncompensated emancipation