Nationalism and the Ottoman Empire

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to nationalism and the Ottoman Empire, intended to assist with review and exam preparation.

Nationalism

A political ideology that emphasizes the interests and culture of a particular nation, often leading to independence movements.

Ottomanism

A political and social movement aimed at promoting the unity and identity of all Ottoman citizens, regardless of ethnicity or religion.

Nationality Law (1869)

A law stating that all individuals within the Ottoman Empire share common citizenship regardless of their religion.

Secular organizational system

A system of governance that separates religious institutions from state authorities, impacting societal structure.

Crimean War (1854-56)

A conflict precipitated by Russian attempts to exert influence over Orthodox Christians in the Ottoman Empire.

Treaty of Paris (1856)

An agreement that ended the Crimean War and pledged respect for territorial gains at the Ottoman Empire's expense.

Demilitarization of Black Sea

The process of removing military forces from the Black Sea region as part of the Treaty of Paris.

Great Eastern Crisis (1875-78)

A period of turmoil and ethnic uprisings in the Balkans that led to significant territorial changes within the Ottoman Empire.

Congress of Berlin (1878)

A meeting of European powers that resulted in the redistribution of Ottoman territories among several nations.

Pan-Slavism

A nationalist movement aimed at promoting the unity and interests of Slavic peoples across Eastern and Central Europe.

Ali Pasha

An Ottoman reformist and liberal figure who served as grand vizier, noted for his merchant background.

Fuad Pasha

An educated Ottoman upper-class reformer who embraced more Westernized political ideas.

The Young Ottomans

A group of intellectuals that sought to combine Ottoman heritage with European political models.

Namik Kemal

A poet associated with the Young Ottomans, known for writing 'VATAN' which emphasized patriotism.

Midhat Pasha

A significant reformist figure who reorganized the Ottoman Empire into provinces and sympathized with Young Ottoman ideas.

Ottoman Constitution

A legal document that established a parliamentary system within the Ottoman Empire, limiting the Sultan's powers.

Sultan Abdul Hamid II

The Sultan who suspended the constitution in 1878, marking the beginning of a long autocratic rule.

Chamber of Deputies

An elected legislative body established by the Ottoman Constitution that represented Ottoman citizens.

Autocratic rule

A form of government in which a single person holds absolute power, typically characterized by the absence of democratic processes.

Territorial patriotism

An attachment and loyalty to a specific territory, distinct from broader national ethnic identities.