Dental Radiation Safety

Use of lead apron in keeping with what concept of patient protection

ALARA (As low as reasonably achievable)

This is required on all x-ray equipment to remove long wavelength x-rays

Aluminum Filter

Maximum Permissible Dose

Dose of radiation the body can endure with little or no injury within a specific period

Maximum Accumulated Dose

The maximum accumulated lifetime radiation dose

Film Holding Device

reduces exposure to patient and movement of the film and stabilizes film

What are the three categories of methods for protecting oral health personnel from radiation?

Distance, Shielding, and time

When is the thyroid collar recommended?

Intraoral Exam

Inherent Filtration

filtration that is built into the x-ray tube. Such as the oil surrounding the tube and glass window

Added Filtration

refers to aluminum discs in the x-ray path between the collimator and the tubehead in the x-ray machine.

Total Filtration

the sum of inherent and added filtration

what material and how much is used in a lead apron?

.25mm of lead or its equivalent

what is the ideal place to stand or protection when taking a radio-graph?

behind a structural barrier

this controls the size and shape of the useful beam

collimator

what is the technique of choice for exposing perriapical radio graphs

paralleling technique

When taking a x-ray what angle should the operator stand from where the primary beam exits the patient

45 Degrees

a lead apron provides a protective barrier against what?

Scatter radiation

who monitors regulations regarding radiation safety measures?

State and Federal Guidelines

who should hold the tube head in place when its drifting?

No one

what shape do collimator come in?

Round and rectangular

how should a lead apron be sterilized

cant be sterilized it can only be disinfected

F speed

fastest film available

This criteria should be used when determining which patients need radiographs

Evidence Based Selection Criteria

The______the PID the less divergent the beam

longer

Which of the following cells is more radio resistant epithelial cells, nerve cells, immature reproductive cells, or red blood cells

Nerve Cells

This law states that actively dividing cells are more sensitive than slowly diving cells. The more specialized a cell is, the more radioresistant it is.

Law of T and B

What is the MPD or maximum permissible dose for health care providers?

50 mSv or 5 rem

This material will not hinder the passage of high energy x-rays but will absorb a high percentage of ow energy x-rays

Pure Aluminum or its equivalent

The longer the PID the ____the radiation dose to the patient

less

This cell is the most radiosensitive epithelial cells white blood cells, muscle cells or bone cells

White blood cells

Three groups that arent included in the maximum permissible dose or MPD?

Medical, Dental and Therapeutic

This theory states radiation can cause chemical damage to the cell by ionizing the water within to make hydrogen peroxide which acts as a poison or toxin

Indirect Theory

Large doses of x-rays close to the eyes have been known to cause_____

Cataracts

equivalent dose ionizing radiation that in light of present knowledge is not expected to cause detectable body damage to the average persons at any time during their life time defines what?

maximum permissible dose

three categories of methods for protecting oral health personnel from radiation?

Distance, shielding and time

Reports from a radiation monitoring service provide a reliable permanent record of what?

Occupational Radiation Exposure

The film badges TLD, OSl, and DIS are examples of what?

Personal monitoring devices

This type of filtration is built into the machine by the manufacturer

infiltration

Theory states the ionization can cause critical damage to what?

Large Molecules

List the six symptoms of acute radiation syndrome

Hair loss, nausea, diarrhea, hemorrhaging, vomiting, the redness of the skin.

What PID is no longer used?

Cone

what is the ideal place to stand or protection when taking a radio-graph

behind a structural barrier

the direct theory states that the body contains so many cells that the destruction of a single cell or a small group of cells does what?

has no observable effects.

This controls the size and shape of the useful beam.

collimator

When should a lead apron be used?

whenever taking radiographs

What is the technique of choice for exposing perriapical radio graphs

paralleling technique

this monitoring device contains lithium fluoride crystals that absorb energy when exposed to radiation

TLD (thermoluminescence dosimeter)

when radiation causes someone to get cancer

carcinogenic

how should a lead apron be stored?

flat or hung unbent.

PID is set back in a tube head behind the transformers it is called what?

Recessed

when taking a x-ray what angle should the operator stand form where the primary beam exits the patient

45 Degrees

X-ray photons may collide with important cell chemicals and do what to them?

breaks them apart

If x-rays damage the hereditary traits

Genetic effect

Three criteria for assessing technical ability of the operator?

Continued education, working knowledge of radiographs and communication

Making survey to measure the output of x-ray machines

Area monitoring

Deflected radiation from its path by impact by its passage through matter

scatter radiation

a lead apron provides a protective barrier of against what?

Scatter Radiation

Age group is most susceptible to effects of radiation?

Young people

Healthy cells that received minor damage from being irradiated can do what?

Repair itself

who should hold the tube head in place when its drifting?

no one

Collimator shape

Round and rectangular

Photons pass through the cells doing what?

Causing little or no damage

How should a lead apron be sterilized

cant be sterilized it can only be disinfected