Patient Care Lab values

Sodium (Na+)

135-145

Calcium (Ca2+)

8.4-10

Potassium (K+)

3.5-5

Chloride (Cl-)

95-105

What electrolytes/trace are found in a basic metabolic panel

Sodium, Calcium, Chloride, Potassium, glucose, CO2, SCr, blood urea nitrogen

Medications that can cause hyponatremia

diuretics

ACEi

antidepressants

antiepileptics

NSAIDS

What disease states can cause hyponatremia

dehydration

kidney failure

adrenal changes

hypoglycemia

what medications can cause hypernatremia

steroids

licorice

oral contraceptives

laxatives

what disease states can cause hypernatremia

impaired thirst mechanism

water loss through skin, kidneys, or GI (vommitting)

what drugs can cause hypochloremia

PPI

diuretics

drugs with bicarb

chronic laxative use

disease states that can cause hypochloremia

acid/base disturbances

loss of gastric acid

bruns

CHF

what drugs can cause hyperchloremia

IV saline infusion

corticosteroids

androgens and estrogens

NSAIDs

acetazolamide

what disease states can cause hyperchloremia

acid/base disturbances

excessive intake of Na

Diarrhea/GI fluid loss

dehydration

mineral corticoid deficiency

what drugs can cause hypokalemia

diuretics

insulin

albuterol

laxatives

what disease states can cause hypokalemia

alcoholism

anorexia

fluid loss

what drugs can cause hyperkalemia

K-sparing diuretics

ACEi

ARBs

NSAIDS

Heparin

Trimethoprim

K supplements

what disease states can cause hyperkalemia

hemolysis

brins

chronic and acute kidney failure

Total calcium includes

serum protein bound and ionized calcium

what drugs can cause hypocalcemia

diuretics

corticosteroids

calcitonin

alendronate, risedronate

what disease states can cause hypocalcemia

low serium proteins

vitamin D and parathyroid disorders

hyperphosphatemia

hypomagnesemia

renal failure

what drugs can cause hypercalcemia

thiazide diuretics

lithium

tamoxifen

what disease states can cause hypercalcemia

dehydration

parathyroid disorders

malignancy

chronic immobilization

what drugs can cause hypophosphatemia

diuretics

antacids

oral contraceptives

what disease states can cause hypophosphatemia

parathyroid disorders

hypercalcemia

what disease states cause hyperphosphatemia

RENAL FAILURE

what drugs cause hypomagnesemia

loop diuretics

PPIs

albuterol

what disease states can cause hypomagnesemia

kidney wasting

alcoholism

malnutrition

diabetes

what drugs can cause hypermagnesemia

aspirin

lithium

what disease states can cause hypermagnesemia

kidney dysfunction

dehydration

What is the cofactor for insulin

chromium

Main role of zinc

tissue repair and wound healing

Lab tests should be

accurate and precise

Sensitivity vs Specificity

high sensitivity = low risk of false negative

high specificity = low risk of false positive

What is in a CBC (complete blood count)

WBC

RBC

hemoglobin

hematocrit

RBC indices

platelets

CBC WITH differential

add on :

WBC differential

LFTs (liver function tests)

albumin, total protein, alkaline phosphatase, alanine phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin

CMP (Comprehensive Metabolic Panel)

BMP and LFT

ABG- Arterial Blood Gas

partial pressure of oxygen

partial pressure of carbon dioxide

pH

bicarb

O sats