1.1. Programming

Variable

A named memory location that stores a changeable value during program execution.

Constant

A value that does not change during program execution.

Data type

A classification of data, e.g. integer, string, boolean.

Sequence

Instructions that are executed in order.

Selection

Decision-making in code, e.g. using if, elif, else.

Iteration

Repeating code using loops, e.g. for, while.

Subroutine

A reusable block of code (function or procedure).

Parameter

A variable used to pass data into a subroutine.

Return value

The result a function gives back when called.

Modular programming

Breaking a program into manageable, independent modules.

Class

A blueprint for creating objects, containing attributes and methods.

Object

An instance of a class with specific values for attributes.

Attribute

A variable inside an object (e.g. name, age).

Method

A function defined within a class.

Constructor

A method used to initialize a new object, often named init.

Instantiation

The process of creating an object from a class.

Encapsulation

Keeping internal object details private and secure.

Inheritance

A mechanism where a class gets properties from a parent class.

Polymorphism

Using the same method name in different classes with different behaviors.

Public

methods can be accessed anywhere

Protected

methiods can be accessed in subclasses

Private

methods can only be accessed in the same class