equilibrium

Le chantelier’s principle

An equilibrium opposes change

equilibrium concentration

Add reactant - towards product

Remove reactant - towards reactant

Add product - towards reactant

Remove product towards product

Equilibrium and pressure

Increase pressure moves towards side of fewer molecules

Decrease moves to more molecules

Harbour process

Pressure 200 atm

Temp - 450

Iron catalyst

KP

partial pressure = mole fraction of component x total pressure

Mole fraction = moles of component/ total number of moles

KC KP effected by?

Temperature only

Not change in pressure , amounts of substance , catalyst

They r constants

Changes to K

1) if equation reverse - inverse K

2) equation multiplied - square K

3) equation divided by- square root K

Bond enthalpy

Bonds broken - bonds formed

Oxidising agent

Gains electron

Reducing agent

Looses electron

Oxygen’s oxidation state

-2

-1 in peroxides

Water oxidation state

+1

-1 in metal halides