nomenclature

group 1

alkali metals; all have a +1 charge but hydrogen can be +1 or -1.

group 2

alkaline earth metals; all have a +2 charge.

group 17

halogens; all have a -1 charge, and name ends in -ide [example: chloride is Cl-1].

group 18

noble gases; eight valence electrons.

solubility rule for group 1

always soluble.

solubility rule for nitrates, acetates, and ammonium

always soluble.

precipitates to know

BaSO4, AgCl, PbI2.

silver

Ag+.

zinc

Zn2+.

ammonium

NH4+1.

bicarbonate

HCO3-1.

bisulfate

HSO4-1.

bisulfide

HS-1.

bisulfite

HSO3-1.

bromate

BrO3-1.

bromite

BrO2-1.

carbonate

CO3-2.

chlorate

ClO3-1.

chlorite

ClO2-1.

chromate

CrO4-2.

oxalate

C2O42-.

perbromate

BrO4-.

perchlorate

ClO4-.

acetate

C2H3O2-1.

phosphate

PO43-.

nitrate

NO3-1.

nitrite

NO2-1.

hydronium

H3O+1.

hydroxide

OH-1.

hypobromite

BrO-1.

hypochlorite

ClO-1.

hypoiodite

IO-1.

iodate

IO3-1.

iodite

IO2-1.

cyanide

CN-.

dichromate

Cr2O72-.

sulfate

SO42-.

sulfite

SO32-.

periodate

IO4-.

permanganate

MnO4-.

peroxide

O22-.

phosphite

PO33-.

thiocyanate

SCN-.

hydrochloric acid

HCl.

hydrobromic acid

HBr.

hydroiodic acid

HI.

sulfuric acid

H2SO4.

nitric acid

HNO3.

chloric acid

HClO3.

perchloric acid

HClO4.

lithium hydroxide

LiOH.

sodium hydroxide

NaOH.

potassium hydroxide

KOH.

rubidium hydroxide

RbOH.

cesium hydroxide

CsOH.

calcium hydroxide

Ca(OH)2.

strontium hydroxide

Sr(OH)2.

barium hydroxide

Ba(OH)2.