NCE

Mixture of terms to study more of and missed questions from practice exams.

Systematic Sampling

Selecting the kth individual from a sample, using N/n to find sampling interval

The Self-Directed Search (SDS) is a

Test of interest

Reliability coefficients of ____ or higher are said to be reliable.

.70

Peak period of conflict amongst counseling theorists was in ____

1960s

For a malpractice claim to succeed in the court of law, a professional relationship b/w counselor and client must have been established, and what other 3 conditions?

The client suffered a physical or psychological injury, there was a breach of duty, and the injury was a result of the breach of duty.

The client counselor relationship with a gestalt therapist would process more _____ than of that with a rogerian therapist.

Slowly

Roger’s theory has had three name changes over time:

Non directive, client-centered, person-centered

Rogerian therapy is considered

Existential/ humanistic

Rogerian therapists dont use _____ in therapy.

Techniques

a rogerian counselor must possess

Empathy, congruence, genuineness, unconditional positive regard

Family Sculpting

Psychodrama/ experiential technique where a family members physically arranges other members to represent their emotional relationships/ distances/ roles/ etc.

Stratified sampling

The population is divided into non-overlapping groups (strata). A random sample is then drawn from each stratum, ensuring representation of all subgroups.

Cluster Sampling

a probability sampling method where researchers divide a large population into smaller, heterogeneous groups (clusters)—usually geographically or by organization—and then randomly select entire clusters to sample

How many stages are there of moral reasoning, according to Kohlberg?

6

Unpleasant feelings elicited after a person creates a game to recreate a childhood feeling in TA

Racket

Who created Transactional Analysis (TA)

Eric Berne

A life script in TA is

A life drama or plot based on early unconscious decisions

Who created Gestalt therapy?

Perls

Empathy and counselor effectiveness scales reflect the work of…

Carkhuff & Gazda

Neurolinguistic programming was created by who?

Bandler and Grinder

Playing the projection technique

Gestalt; ask ct to act like the person/ traits of a person they dislike

The gestalt model emphasizes ____ over ____.

Experience; interpretation

Exaggeration experiments used in Gestalt therapy resemble…

Paradoxes practiced by Frankl, Haley, or Erickson

gestalt therapy replaces “it talk” with

I statements

Retroflection is …

Act of doing to yourself what you wish to do to someone else.

Gestalt means

The integration of the whole is greater than the sum of the parts.

Perls suggested there are _ layers of neurosis.

5 (phony, phobic, impasse, implosive, explosive)

Countertransference

COUNcelor’s feelings interfere

Transference

Clients feelings interfere

Reality therapy _______ mental health diagnoses.

Rejects

William Glasser created

Reality therapy

In REBT, A stands for

Action (activating event)

In REBT, B stands for

Belief that is a form of self verbalization

In REBT, C stands for

emotional Consequence

Person centered counseling focuses on

The persons phenomenological world

Goal of person centered counseling is

To help the client reach a self-actualized, personally meaningful life

Carl Rogers popularized

Person Centered Counseling

Resilience is

The capacity to recover, adapt, and move toward growth in the face of adversity.

Emotional stimulation

Group counselor ability to encourage healthy emotional expression

Caring

Group leaders should express warmth, genuineness, acceptance, and concern.

Meaning attribution

Group leaders provide a cognitive perspective to group members’ experiences

Executive leadership

Group leader structures and moves groups in a particular direction.

The ACT and ITBS measure

Achievement; an individual’s readiness for further education

In the conventional stage of moral development

A persons morals are rules by society.

In the pre-conventional stage of moral development

A persons morals are governed by fear of punishment.

In the post-conventional stage of moral development,

A person has accepted their own moral code and independently chooses ethical behaviors.

Proxemics

spatial features of the environment, such as where individual choose to sit and how furniture is positioned

Kinesics

Facial expressions, body movements, and other nonverbal communications.

In the formal operational stage of Piaget’s developmental theory, feelings of _______ would adequately have been dealt with and the child would be ready for adulthood.

helplessness

Standard Deviation

measures how spread out the scores are around the average, describing variability within a set of data.

Dualistic Thinking

Thinking in binaries; “Good vs Bad”, “Right vs Wrong”

Dialectical thinking

Considering a Spectrum of realities that aren’t binary; considering the “grey space”

Vygotsky

sociocultural theory of cognitive development; Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)- zone between what a ct can achieve independently, and what they can achieve with a model, called a More Knowledgeable Other (MKO)

Most behaviors are learned and displayed in a ______ context.

cultural

Acculturation

Represents how individuals identify with a dominant culture

Assimilation

refers to how much an individual is absorbed by the dominant culture

If a client presents with manic symptoms, or other bxs that reflect an inability to understand, you should ______ treatment.

delay

Repression is

involuntary; In psychoanalysis, repression is when upsetting memories are kept out of the conscious mind.

According to Piaget, Moral development can be broken into two groups- those younger than 10 and those older. Those younger often just wrong-doing by ____ of damage done over original intention.

Amount

Kohlberg's theory of moral development has three progressive levels ending in ______ at level 6:

Principled Thought

Bandura

Social learning, Bobo Doll

The preconscious mind…

contains anything that could readily be brought into the conscious mind, but are not current aware of/ thinking about

The id

part of our unconscious mind, present from birth; It is impulsive, not rational, and moves towards pleasure and away from pain. Internal animal

The ego

uses a rational process to solve problems and meet the id's demands while satisfying the superego. You trying your best to tame the animal according to society standards.

The superego

The superego is made up of the conscience and ideal self and incorporates society's values and norms. Internal society

______ results when ideal standards are violated. According to Freud, this is a function of the _______.

Guilt, superego; The superego sets ideal standards and guilt results when we violate them.

A counselor sets her monthly fees for consultation on a job-by-job basis. Which of the following reinforcement schedules is this an example of?

Variable Ratio; A variable ratio schedule is when a reward occurs after an unpredictable amount of responses and typically provides a high rate of response.  The counselor's rate is unpredictable from one job to the next.

Suppression is…

Voluntary; when a person knowingly tries not to think or feel a certain way.

One of the first formal therapeutic groups was held by…

Joseph Pratt; Dr. who gathered tuberculosis patients together for a psychoeducation group

Risky shift phenomenon

The concept that a group decision will be less conservative than a decision made by an individual.

Tucker and Jensen’s 5 stages of group development go in this order….

Forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning

Which career theorist talked about life roles?

Super; Super talked about the life roles of: child, student, homemaker, leisurite, citizen and worker.

Holland's trait-factor theory matched what together?

Personality traits with job requirements

Roe’s career counseling theory considered

8 fields (Service, Business Contact, Organization, Technology, Outdoor, Science, General Culture, and Arts & Entertainment) and 6 levels (professional and managerial, levels 1 and 2; semiprofessional and small business, level 3; skilled, level 4; semiskilled, level 5; and unskilled, level 6). 

Holland’s codes

RAISEC- realistic, artistic, investigative, social, enterprising, and conventional

Non-malfeasance

refraining from providing ineffective treatments or acting with malice towards a patient.

WISC-III

intelligence test

Ipsative measures:

compare traits within the same individual; forced-choice scales

Personality tests or interest inventories measure:

Typical performance

Joannie is a part of a research experiment monitoring energy level and depression. She becomes pregnant and tells you that she has been very fatigued. Her tiredness is:

an intervening variable