Bio 006 - 11LA: Animal Reproduction

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21 Terms

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Gametogenesis

Process of forming gametes (sperm and egg).

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Sexual Reproduction

Involves sperm and egg forming a zygote for offspring creation.

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Asexual Reproduction

Offspring produced without sperm and egg fusion.

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Budding

Asexual reproduction method in sponges, corals, and hydra.

  • through mitosis

<p><strong>Asexual reproduction</strong> method in sponges, corals, and hydra.</p><ul><li><p>through mitosis</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Fission

Asexual reproduction by splitting in flatworms and amoeba.

  • through mitosis

<p><strong>Asexual reproduction</strong> by splitting in flatworms and amoeba.</p><ul><li><p>through mitosis</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Fragmentation

Asexual reproduction where body parts regenerate.

  • examples: Annelid worms , Starfish, Corals, Sponges

  • through mitosis

<p><strong>Asexual reproductio</strong>n where body parts regenerate.</p><ul><li><p>examples: Annelid worms , Starfish, Corals, Sponges</p></li></ul><ul><li><p>through mitosis</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Parthenogenesis

Development of unfertilized egg into offspring.

  • examples: Bees, Komodo dragons, Hammerhead sharks

  • through meiosis

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Hermaphroditism

  • Individual produces both sperm and egg gametes.

  • -Adaptation common in sessile animals (don’t move)

  • 1 individual produces both types of gametes

  • Increases chances of fertilization & makes self-fertilization possible

  • Is offspring from self-fertilization are NOT identical

  • example: sea slugs

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Internal Fertilization

  • Sperm deposited inside female reproductive tract.

  • Helps protect gametes in dry environments

  • Humans perform internal fertilization

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External Fertilization

  • Female deposits egg outside the body, then male fertilizes

  • Spawning

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Spawning

Simultaneous gamete release into water by male and female.

  • Could be triggered by “courtship” behaviors, chemical signals, seasons, temperature, lunar cycle, etc.

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Embryonic Development

4 Stages of development from zygote to organs in Animals

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Cleavage

Second stage of embryonic development forming blastula.

<p>Second stage of<strong> embryonic developmen</strong>t forming blastula.</p>
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Gastrulation

Third stage of Embryonic Development: formation of gastrula from blastula stage.

<p>Third stage of <strong>Embryonic Development</strong>: formation of gastrula from blastula stage.</p>
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Organogenesis

Fourth stage of Embryonic Development; development of organs from the gastrula.

<p>Fourth stage of <strong>Embryonic Developmen</strong>t; development of organs from the gastrula.</p>
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Zygote

First stage of Embryonic Development. Initial cell formed from fertilization.

<p>First stage of <strong>Embryonic Development</strong>. Initial cell formed from fertilization.</p>
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Blastula

Hollow ball of cells post-cleavage stage.

<p>Hollow ball of cells post-cleavage stage.</p>
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Gastrula

Stage where cell layers form during development.

<p>Stage where cell layers form during development.</p>
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Sex Reversal

Change of sex in certain species like Bluehead Wrasse.

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hormones

Chemicals released from one organ system that communicate to other systems in the same individual.

  • Affect both physiology & behavior.

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pheromones

Chemicals released from one individual that affect physiology & behavior of a different individual (of the same species).

  • humans do NOT have this

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