AP Human Geography Unit 7 Quiz Crash Guide

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts from the AP Human Geography Unit 7, focusing on economic sectors, measures of development, and major theories related to development.

Primary Sector

Involves extracting raw materials from the environment, examples include farming, fishing, and mining.

Secondary Sector

Involves manufacturing and industrial processes to create goods, typically associated with industrializing countries.

Tertiary Sector

Involves providing services such as retail, transportation, and healthcare, commonly found in more developed countries (MDCs).

Quaternary Sector

Involves knowledge-based activities such as information technology, education, and research, primarily in MDCs.

Quinary Sector

Involves decision-making and high-level services like government and executive roles, also found in MDCs.

Multiplier Effect

The phenomenon where one job creates additional jobs and economic growth occurs.

GNI

Gross National Income, which is GDP plus income from abroad, considered the best economic measure.

Gini Coefficient

A measure of income inequality within a population, on a scale from 0 (equal) to 1 (very unequal).

Human Development Index (HDI)

A composite index that measures overall development based on income, education, and life expectancy.

Dependency Theory

A theory suggesting that the periphery relies on the core for trade and therefore stays underdeveloped.

Commodity Dependence

A situation where a country relies heavily on exporting one or a few raw materials, which limits development.

Rostow's Stages of Development

A model suggesting all countries develop through five stages: Traditional society, Preconditions to takeoff, Takeoff, Drive to maturity, and High mass consumption.

Wallerstein's World Systems Theory

A theory that posits that a country's development depends on its position in the global economic system, divided into Core, Semi-periphery, and Periphery.