Cross Cultural Management E-Learning Quiz

What term describes the distinctive characteristics that define a group such as language traditions and values

Cultural Traits

What concept emphasizes that there is no single truth in culture only perspective

Subjectivity

What effect reveals more about our own culture than the foreign behavior that surprises us

Mirror Effect

What word describes cultural traits shared by many people in one culture compared to another

Trends

What is the tendency to judge other groups based on your own cultural model

Ethnocentrism

What example illustrates how physical distance varies across cultures

The interpersonal bubble

What does culture act like when it shapes how we interpret situations

A prism

What determines whether an individual enjoys or dislikes cultural practices like hugging

Personality

According to the definition culture is a set of ways of thinking feeling and acting that build what

A specific and distinct community

What are individuals influenced by that diversify and evolve group cultures

Sub-cultures

Which part of Scheins model is the most visible and includes practices like dress or routines

The Leaves Practices

Which question corresponds to the leaves level of culture

What do we see

In Scheins model which level represents unwritten rules and expectations for group belonging

The Trunk Norms and Behaviors

Which question corresponds to the trunk level of culture

What behaviors ensure that you stay in the group

Which level of Scheins model refers to hidden deep seated values and beliefs

The Roots Beliefs

Which question corresponds to the roots level of culture

What are the associated deep seated beliefs

In France what is usually required to rent an apartment

Extensive financial documents and guarantees

In Ireland what is usually sufficient to rent an apartment

Showing a passport

In France what form of commitment is standard

Written signature

In Ireland what form of commitment is often enough

Oral promise

In Ireland what is the default assumption about trust

Trust unless proven otherwise

In France what is the default assumption about trust

Distrust until trust is earned

In the 13th century what did the term culture originally mean

Agriculture

In the 18th century what was culture associated with

Education and progress

Which century saw the rise of the evolutionary approach to culture

19th century

What perspective replaced the ranking of cultures from civilized to backward

Cultural relativism

Which century saw the functionalist approach and unconscious transmission of culture

20th century

Name two key authors linked with 20th century cultural theory

Boas Durkheim Mead Bourdieu Hofstede

What is the modern view of culture that emphasizes sub-cultures and change

Dynamic construction

According to the modern view what should be avoided when analyzing culture

Essentializing or stereotyping

Is culture innate or acquired

Acquired

Is culture individual or collective

Collective

How is culture transmitted through time

From generation to generation

Does culture stay fixed or evolve

It evolves over time

Is culture inherently good or bad

Neither good nor bad

What is an individuals cultural identity described as

A mosaic of subcultures

What role does culture play in how we interpret the world

A prism

What does intercultural competence involve

Recognizing our own prism and understanding others

What process describes adapting to a companys standards and values

Acculturation

Which model helps analyze organizational culture

Scheins three levels

What are the three levels of Scheins organizational culture

Observable practices Norms and behaviors Beliefs and values

Which level of organizational culture includes visible elements like dress code or office layout

Observable practices

Which level of organizational culture explains unwritten rules guiding practices

Norms and encouraged behaviors

Which level of organizational culture reflects the implicit assumptions underpinning norms

Beliefs and values

In a French family business what is trust primarily placed in

The family for stability and quality of life

In an American start-up what is trust primarily placed in

Employees to excel and achieve great things

Which decision style is associated with French family businesses

Consensus-based with risk control

Which workplace value is associated with American start-ups

Autonomy for top performers and speak up culture

What theory explains that generations are shaped by the context they grew up in

Imprint Theory

What theory suggests new generations are fundamentally different from the previous ones

Impulse Theory

According to Imprint Theory what shapes a generation

Historical and social context of upbringing

What key technology shaped Generation Zs worldview

Smartphones

How has digitalization shaped Gen Zs perception of time

Urgency and immediacy

How has digitalization shaped Gen Zs relationship with information

It is ubiquitous fragmented and creates FOMO

How has digitalization shaped Gen Zs relationship with space

Preference for remote actions and digital communication

What workplace behavior of Gen Z reflects their need for speed and learning

Frequent job changes

Why might Gen Z want to be in every information loop

They expect instant access to information

Why might Gen Z prefer messaging over spontaneous interaction

It provides controlled digitalized communication

What is the key caveat when studying culture and generations

Do not stereotype

Besides generation what other factors can strongly influence behavior

Personality social background and national culture

What example shows national culture overriding generational trends

Indian youth continuing to use phone calls unlike the West

What are the three key attitudes of the intercultural approach

Ask about context show curiosity adopt an open non-judgmental stance

In France what is the main cultural representation of work

Search for meaning enjoyment and good relationships

In Japan what is the main cultural representation of work

Duty

In England what is the main motivator for work

Remuneration

In Germany what is the main priority in work culture

Getting things done through consensus

What is the Japanese decision-making process called

Nemawashi

What characterizes Nemawashi

Collective informal consultations before formal approval

In Nemawashi what is the purpose of the formal meeting

Confirming the pre-agreed decision

Why might a French manager misunderstand Nemawashi

They expect debate in the meeting and feel excluded from decisions

In France how are meetings typically structured

Long with thorough discussion and a decision made if possible

In the USA how are meetings typically structured

Short structured and a decision must be made

What norm underlies French decision-making practices

Efficiency comes from making well-informed choices

What norm underlies American decision-making practices

Efficiency comes from acting quickly on facts and figures

What belief about efficiency is common in French companies

Thorough analysis leads to better choices

What belief about efficiency is common in American companies

Speed and outpacing competitors are key

What concept describes how a culture accepts unequal distribution of power

Power Distance

What leadership style reflects low power distance

Egalitarian informal facilitator among equals

What leadership style reflects high power distance

Hierarchical formal paternalistic authority

How was the Danish manager perceived in Russia

Weak and incompetent

Why was the Danish manager perceived negatively

Russian employees expected a strong directive leader

What key skill is required to succeed in multicultural workplaces

Open-mindedness and adaptation

What are the three main stages of the communication process

Encoding Decoding and Feedback

What does encoding in communication involve

Imbuing a message with tone and non-verbal cues

What does decoding in communication depend on

The receivers relationship with the sender and their perceptions

What can cause misinterpretation even within the same culture

Tone non-verbal cues and feedback cycles

Why is misinterpretation risk higher in cross-cultural communication

Different languages norms and social expectations

Whose theory distinguishes explicit and implicit communication

Edward T Hall

What is explicit direct communication

Message conveyed clearly with meaning mostly in the words

What is implicit indirect communication

Message relying on context silence and non-verbal cues

What cultural clash occurred between Lina Dutch and Daisuke Japanese

Explicit communicator misread implicit refusal as disinterest or sexism

What is a false lie in Japanese communication

An unbelievable excuse used to politely refuse without causing loss of face

In the case of Rebecca and Jay why did misunderstanding occur

Explicit communicator ignored weak signals and focused only on the strong signal OK

What do implicit communicators often rely on

Non-verbal cues silences and subtle phrasing

In the Japanese bank example what did American VPs expect

SMART goals

In the Japanese bank example what did the president expect

Understanding of philosophy and context Nunchi or kuuki yomenai

What does kuuki yomenai mean in Japanese business culture

Understanding what is in the air or unspoken context

What does SMART stand for in goal setting

Specific Measurable Achievable Relevant Time-bound

What is the main benefit of distinguishing explicit and implicit styles

Avoiding misinterpretations and negative attributions

How do cultural norms influence communication

They define what is considered normal in feedback goals and interaction