PHARM EXAM 1

Somatic pain

muscle/bone

visceral pain

organ pain/cramping

neuropathic pain

nerve ending/tingline

opioid/analgesics

strong pain medication/severe pain

morphine

PO, SQ, IM, IV, epidural

Fentanyl

IV, IM, transdermal, transmucosal

Meperidine

PQ, SQ, IM, IV

Hydromorphone

PO, SQ, IM, IVO

Oxycodone

PO

Hydrocodone

PO

Codeine

PO, SQ, IM, IV

Miosis

constricted, pinpoint pupils

Cephalosporins 1st gen

Older, less expensive, surgical prophylaxis

Cephalosporins 2nd gen

Less sensitive to destruction rom beta-lactamases

Cephalosporins 3rd gen

Ceftriaxlone can reach cerebrospinal fluid to treat meningitis

Cephalosporins 4th gen

Many effective in meningitis, useful against pseudomonas

Cephalosporins 5th gen

Newest, only one effective against MRSA

Phenazopyridine

Not an antibiotic, used for relief of pain for bladder irritation from cystitis, UTI and will turn urine red or orange

Linezolid

Treat multi-drug resistant gram positive bacteria and may cause serotonin syndrome & hypertension reactions if taken with cheese, wine, smoked curd meat/fish, or soy sauce

Antivirals do not kill viruses they,

Suppress/inhibit viral replication

Echinacea

Topical used for wounds, canker sores & oral use for common colds to stimulate immune system

Acyclovir

Drug of choice for treatment of initial and recurrent episodes

Onychomycosis

Nail fungus can cause nails to turn yellow

Candidiasis

Grown in the mouth is called thrush or oral candidiasis

Terbinafine (lamisil)

Oral is onychomycosis or topical for treatment of tinea pedis (athlete’s foot), tinea cruris (jock itch), and tinea corporis (ringworm)

Nystatin

Oral lozenge will slowly & completely dissolve in mouth (not chewed or swallowed) and if suspension will swish throughly in mouth before swallowing

Amphotericin B

IV only as it is poorly absorbed in GI tract and for life threatening fungal infections

Analgesia

Painkilling power of opioids come in part from their ability to block signals in several locations

Overdose

Overactivation of uOR receptors through an overdose of opioids can lead to death

The unpleasantness of pain is dampened by

UORs in the anterior cingulate cortex

Opioids calm

Peripheral nerves that sense damage

In the brain stem uORs help to

Inhibit pain signals from the spinal cord

Hydrocodone plus

Acetaminophen or ibuprofen

Codeine plus

Acetaminophen

Opioid Analgesics contraindication

Hypersensitivity, respiratory depression

Opioid Analgesics Precautions

Seizures, asthma

Meperidine more likely to cause

Hallucinations and confusion due to accumulation of toxic metabolite

Do not administer opioids if

Respirations are lower than 12 and have naloxone available

Long term of opioids

Constipation is persistent

On opioids teach patient to

Increase fluid intake and fiber intake

Opioid toxicity

Respiratory depression (shallow breathing), miosis (small pupils), coma

Naloxone half life

1-1.5 hours, it may require multiple doses

Morphine

Half life is 2 to 4 hours

Methadone

Often used as part of treatment for opioid disorder

Aspirin inhibits

COX 1(irreversible) and COX 2, which inhibits platelet aggregation and clotting, protection of MI & stroke

First gen NSAIDs

Low dose aspirin, iburprofen, naproxen, indomethacin, diclofenac, ketorolac

Second gen NSAIDs

Celecoxib, meloxicam